Posts
Mapping the Legal and Regulatory Frameworks of the Ad-Tech Ecosystem in India
- April 24, 2025
The main purpose of regulations in any sector is essentially twofold, one is to ensure that the interests of the general public or consumers are protected, and the other is to ensure that the sector itself flourishes and grows. Too much regulation may possibly stifle the commercial potential of any sector, whereas too little regulation runs the risk of leaving consumers vulnerable to harmful practices.
Read more →The Cost of Free Basics in India: Does Facebook's 'walled garden' reduce or reinforce digital inequalities?
- April 05, 2025
In this essay—written in April 2016 soon after India's Telecom Regulatory Authority (TRAI) upheld net neutrality and effectively banned Free Basics in India— the author uses development theories to study the Free Basics programme. The author explored three key paradigms: 1) Construction of knowledge, power structures and virtual colonization in the Free Basics Programme, (2) A sub-internet of the marginalized and (3) the Capabilities Approach and explored how the programme reinforces levels of digital inequalities as opposed to reducing it. This essay was written in 2016 and there have been various shifts in the digital and tech landscape. Further a lot of numbers and statistics are from 2016 and not all ideas held here may be transferable today. This should be read as such. This is being published now, on account of 10 years since the Free Basics project was set to be implemented in India.
Read more →Emotional Contagion: Theorising the Role of Affect in COVID-19 Information Disorder
- April 03, 2025
In this paper, we investigate the underexplored emotional drivers of information disorder, with a particular focus on how it manifested in COVID-19 misinformation in India. While "fake news" has received considerable attention for its impact on elections, marginalized communities, and public health, mainstream information disorder research does not sufficiently prioritise the underlying psychological factors that influence information trust.
Read more →Education, Epistemologies and AI: Understanding the role of Generative AI in Education
- March 21, 2025
As generative AI becomes more deeply embedded in educational contexts, it raises critical questions about trust, epistemic reliability, and the nature of knowledge production. While AI offers significant opportunities for enhancing pedagogical methodologies, facilitating personalised learning, and augmenting research, it also raises concerns regarding cognitive offloading, the erosion of critical thinking skills, and the perpetuation of biases inherent in training data. This essay examines how higher education institutions navigate these complexities, focusing on institutional adaptation, ethical considerations, and policy responses. Central to this inquiry is an analysis of key theoretical frameworks in education and epistemology to understand how these impact the discourse around generative AI in the classroom. This essay looks at existing educational theory to understand the role of AI in the classroom. Furthermore, the study assesses existing institutional and national AI policies, evaluating their efficacy in addressing governance challenges, and offers future-looking questions and recommendations to guide the responsible integration of generative AI in education.
Read more →The Centre for Internet and Society’s comments and feedback to the: Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025
- March 06, 2025
The Centre for Internet & Society (CIS) submitted its comments and feedback to the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025 initiated by the Indian government.
Read more →The Centre for Internet and Society’s comments and recommendations to the: Report on AI Governance Guidelines Development
- March 06, 2025
The Centre for Internet & Society (CIS) submitted its comments and recommendations on the Report on AI Governance Guidelines Development.
Read more →Do We Need a Separate Health Data Law in India?
- February 07, 2025
This report discusses the current definitions of health data including international efforts, the report then proceeds to share some key themes that were discussed at three roundtables we conducted in May, August, and October 2024. Participants included experts from diverse stakeholder groups, including civil society organisations, lawyers, medical professionals, and academicians. In this report, we collate the various responses to two main aspects, which were the focus of the roundtables:
Read more →Digital Rights and ISP Accountability in India: An Analysis of Policies and Practices
- January 23, 2025
This report presents a comprehensive evaluation of India's four largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs)—Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone-Idea (Vi), and BSNL—examining their commitment to digital rights and transparency.
Read more →Privacy Policy Framework for Indian Mental Health Apps
- January 10, 2025
This report analyses the privacy policies of mental health apps in India and provides recommendations for making the policies not only legally compliant but also user-centric
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