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                                      #A
   

   ;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,POLICY ,H&BOOK =
         ,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES

   
   
   
   
   
   
   

                ,PREFACE

   
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,SOCIETY 9FRA/RUCTURE IS UNIV]S,Y
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DEVELOP+ _W4 
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ALL HUMANK9D4 
   

               ,9TRODUC;N

   
  ,PHOTO ( ,SAMI ;AL-,BA%E]1 ,DIRECTOR1
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                                      #H

                 ,=E^W

   
  ,AXEL ,LEBLOIS
   
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,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES3 ,GLOBAL ,COOP],N
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              ,AC"KL$G;TS

   
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                 ,3T5TS
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/ATUS )! PHYSICAL1 CULTURAL1 & POLICY
5VIRON;TS0'4
  ,AC 6! SOCIAL MODEL1 4ABIL;Y IS !
\TCOME (! 9T]AC;N (A P]SON ) 8 OR H]
5VIRON;T & ?US IS NEI P]SON-SPECIFIC NOR
5VIRON;T-SPECIFIC4  ,)9 ! SOCIAL MODEL1
!N1 A 4ABIL;Y RESULTS :5 A P]SON
ATTEMPTS 6-MUNICATE1 YET DOES N "U/& OR
SP1K ! N,NAL OR LOCAL LANGUAGE4 
,SIMIL>LY1 A 4ABIL;Y RESULTS :5 "S"O :O
HAS N"E 2F OP]AT$ A PH"O OR -PUT]    #EJ
ATTEMPTS 6USE "O ) NO SU3ESS4  ,IN BO?
CASES1 ! P]SON IS 4A#D 2C ( AN 9ABIL;Y
69T]ACT ) 8 OR H] 5VIRON;T4
  ,! SOCIAL MODEL ( 4ABIL;Y 9EVITABLY
5COMPASSES M (! GLOBAL POPUL,N 9 M
SITU,NS & "U M CIRCUM/.ES ?AN DOES !
M$ICAL MODEL1 & X HAS 2GUN 6%IFT ! WAY
WE VIEW A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,P>ALLEL 6! SOCIAL
MODEL : DESCRIBES A 4ABIL;Y Z O3URR+ AT
A SPECIFIC MO;T )9 AN 9DIVIDUAL,8;S
9T]AC;N ) "S ASPECT ( _! 5VIRON;T1
,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN PR9CIPALS CALL ^U
DESIGN]S 6ASSESS ! CAPABIL;Y DEM&S ( _!
PRODUCTS & M9IMIZE ! 9/.ES ": !
CAPABIL;Y DEM& ( T PRODUCT EXCE$S !
CAPABILITIES (! 9T5D$ US]4
  ,! GOAL (! SOCIAL MODEL ( 4ABIL;Y IS
6M9IMIZE ! OPPORTUN;Y =A SOCIAL 4ABIL;Y
6O3UR 9 ! 5VIRON;T 0DESIGN+ B>RI]-M9IMAL
PRODUCTS4 

                             #A'C'C     
    ,M1SUR+ & RESPOND+ 6*ANGES 9 HUMAN
    CAPABIL;Y
  ,HI/ORIC,Y1 P]SONS H BE5 VIEW$ Z 2+ EI
A#-BODI$ OR 4A#D B1 9 FACT1 HUMAN
CAPABIL;Y V>IES 3T9U\SLY "?\T A      #EA
LIFE"T & REQUIRES M SPECIFIC ANALYSIS4
,IN G5]AL1 X IS POSSI# 6ID5TIFY SEV5
CAPABILITIES : >E GR\P$ 96?REE
CATEGORIES3
  ,++,+4          ,S5SORY1 9CLUD+ VI.N &
HE>+2
  ,++,+4          ,COGNITIVE1 9CLUD+
?9K+ & -MUNIC,N2
  ,++,+4          ,MOTOR1 9CLUD+
LOCOMO;N1 R1* & /RET*1 & DEXT];Y4
  ,MO/ P]SONS EXP]I;E M ?AN "O CAPABIL;Y
LOSS "?\T _! LIFE"T1 USU,Y 9 ! =M (
MULTIPLE M9OR IMPAIR;TS 7E4G4 DECR1S$ 9
VI.N1 HE>+ OR DEXT];Y7 Z OPPOS$ 6A S+LE
MAJOR CAPABIL;Y LOSS S* Z BL;S1 D1F;S OR
P>APLEGIA4 ,? PATT]N ( MULTIPLE M9OR
IMPAIR;TS OV] "T IS TYPICAL (! HUMAN AG+
PROCESS4 
  ,*ALL5GES >IS+ F AGE V>I,NS
  ,! FACT T HUMAN CAPABIL;Y V>IES
3T9U\SLY "?\T A LIFE"T IS RESPONSI# = M*
(! -PLEX;Y 9 ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,8,AGE
V>I,N0' )9 A POPUL,N IS Z M* A 3SID],N =
POLICYMAK]S Z X IS = PRODUCT & S]VICE
DESIGN]S1 ESPECI,Y 3SID]+ T 9CR1S$ LIFE
EXPECTANCY 9 9DU/RIAL C.TRIES W 3TRIBUTE
6AN 9CR1SE 9 ! NUMB] ( P]SONS )      #EB
4ABILITIES _WWIDE4
  ,? AG+ POPUL,N IS SIGNIFICANT 9 BO? XS
NUMB] & XS IMPLIC,NS = ,,ICT POLICY Z
WELL Z DEVICE & S(TW>E DEVELOP;T4
,P]SONS >E LIKELY 6DEVELOP NEW
DI6ICULTIES & IMPAIR;TS Z !Y AGE1 :E!R
S5SORY1 COGNITIVE1 OR MOTOR4 ,LIKEWISE1
P]SONS ) EXI/+ MILD DI6ICULTIES &
IMPAIR;TS MAY EXP]I;E AN 9CR1SE 9 !
SEV];Y ( IMPAIR;T4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 ! 9CR1S$
AGE (! POPUL,N CR1TES AN IMM ,8SECOND
TI]0' ( DEM& = A3ESSI# ,,ICT 9 ! =M (
OLD] P]SONS EXP]I5C+ DIM9I%$ S5SORY1
MOTOR1 OR COGNITIVE CAPABILITIES4 ,IN
"PICUL>1 ! DEMOGRAPHICS (! DEVELOP$
ECONOMIES >E *ANG+1 ) L;G] LIFE
EXPECTANCIES &A R$UC$ BIR? RATE RESULT+
9 AN 9CR1S$ PROPOR;N ( P]SONS OV] #FE 9
! POPUL,N4 
  ,M S ?AN PREVI\S G5],NS1 "W]S CURR5TLY
AG$ #EE-#FD >E M LIKELY 6USE -PUT]S AT
"W4 ,H["E1 2Y ! "WPLACE1 "! IS N ONLY AN
9CR1SE 9 ! USE ( -PUT]S = 9=M,N &
-MUNIC,N1 B "! IS AL AN OV]ALL 9CR1SE 9
! AV]AGE AGE ( -PUT] US]S 9 ! ,UNIT$
,/ATES4 ,IN ! FUTURE1 !N1 -PUT] US]S W
DEM& & EXPECT GRT] A3ESSIBIL;Y 9     #EC
-PUT]S4 ,M IMPORTANTLY1 ?\<1 POLICYMAK]S
& /AKEHOLD]S M/ 3SID] H[ A3ESSI# ,,ICT
MI<T HELP A4RESS ! BROAD]1 MACROECONOMIC
E6ECT ( AN AG+ POPUL,N3 ! NE$ = 9CR1S$
PRODUCTIV;Y )9 ! SMALL] "W+ POPUL,N ON :
! GR[+ OLD-AGE POPUL,N W 3T9UE 6DEP5D4 
  ,! NE$ = 9CR1S$ PRODUCTIV;Y
  ,! LESS DEVELOP$ REGIONS 7N 9CLUD+ !
L1/ DEVELOP$ C.TRIES7 >E PROJECT$ 6H !
/EEPE/ GR[? 9 _! OLD-AGE DEP5D5CY RATIOS
--! NUMB] ( P]SONS AG$ #FE OR OLD] 9 !
POPUL,N P] E P]SON AGE #AE-#FD 7"W+ AGE7
9 ! POPUL,N--OV] ! NEXT #DJ YE>S4  ,^!
REGIONS >E PR$ICT$ 6EXP]I;E #BJJ P]C5T
9CR1SE 9 ! RATIO 2T #BJJJ & #BJEJ1 -P>$
6! SLI<TLY M ?AN #AJJ P]C5T 9CR1SE
PR$ICT$ =! M DEVELOP$ REGIONS1 & SLI<TLY
LESS ?AN A #AJJ P]C5T 9CR1SE 7IN ! RATIO
( P]SONS OV] #FE 6^? ( "W=CE AGE7 9 !
L1/ DEVELOP$ C.TRIES4 
  ,RIS+ DEP5D5CY RATIOS 7! NUMB] (
P]SONS AG$ #FE OR OLD] 9 ! POPUL,N P] E
P]SON 9 ! "W+ AGE RANGE ( #AE-#FD 9 !
POPUL,N7 _WWIDE REQUIRE A CORRESPOND+
9CR1SE 9 "W=CE PRODUCTIV;Y4
  ,FIRMS C 9CR1SE PRODUCTIV;Y 9 A V>IETY
( WAYS1 _M 9VOLV+ AUTOM,N &          #ED
-PUT]IZ,N4  ,REC5TLY1 H["E1 LESS OBVI\S
A3ESSIBIL;Y-RELAT$ TE*NIQUES >E 2+
EMPLOY$ T 9VOLVE ]GONOMIC DESIGN & "W]
-=T4 ,! !ORY MA9TA9S T A -=TA# EMPLOYEE
C PRODUCE M ?AN A C.T]"P :O /RU7LES "? !
"D4 ,0REMOV+ B>RI]S 6US+ AUTOM,N &
-PUT]IZ,N 7BO? ( : >E CAPITAL 9PUTS
96PRODUC;N7 & ALL[+ =A M -=TA# "WPLACE1
A3ESSI# 9=M,N & -MUNIC,N TE*NOLOGIES C
HELP 6CR1TE A M PRODUCTIVE "WPLACE =A M
DIV]SE "W=CE4 ,9CR1S$ PRODUCTIV;Y AT !
FIRM LEVEL 3TRIBUTES 69CR1S$ PRODUCTIV;Y
AT ! N,NAL ECONOMIC LEVEL4 ,& ? IS
ESPECI,Y SIGNIFICANT 9 ECONOMIES ": "!
IS AN 9CR1S+ PROPOR;N (! POPUL,N RELIANT
^U ! PRODUCTIV;Y (A DECR1S+ PROPOR;N (!
POPUL,N4

                       #A'C'D     
    ,ASSESS+ ! IMPACT ( A3ESSI# ,,ICT
  ,PRIM>Y & SECOND>Y B5EFICI>IES
  ,Z WE LOOK 6! FUTURE1 WE N[ RECOGNIZE
T "! >E _M K9DS ( P]SONS :O B5EFIT F
A3ESSI# ,,ICT4  ,Z WE H ALR NOT$1 !
DIRECT & PRIM>Y B5EFICI>IES >E ! M ?AN
"O BILLION P]SONS _WWIDE ) 4ABILITIES OR
DIM9I%$ CAPABILITIES = :OM A3ESSI#   #EE
,,ICT 3TRIBUTES 6AN IMPROVE;T 9 OV]ALL
QUAL;Y ( LIFE4 ,H["E1 X IS P]H EQU,Y
IMPORTANT = POLICYMAK]S 6RECOGNIZE &
3SID] T ! BUSI;SES1 -MUNITIES &
ECONOMIES : DEP5D ON ! PRODUCTIV;Y &
3TRIBU;NS ( ^! TWO 3/ITU5CIES REPRES5T A
SECOND DIM5.N ( DIRECT B5EFICI>IES (
A3ESSI# ,,ICT4
   
  ,L[-LIT]ACY POPUL,NS
  ,A3ESSI# ,,ICT & ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES
AL PROMOTE LIT]ACY1 : MAY N USU,Y 2 L9K$
64ABILITIES4 ,0_! V NATURE1 ?\<1 9=M,N &
-MUNIC,N TE*NOLOGIES DEP5D ON -MUNIC,N
ABILITIES1 9CLUD+ LIT]ACY4
  ,M* (! 3T5T DELIV]$ OV] ,,ICT1
ESPECI,Y ,9T]NET-BAS$ 3T5T1 REMA9S TEXT-
BAS$ &! =MAT & 3T5T ( WEB PAGES (T5 DEM&
SKILLS SIMIL> 6^? ( DOCU;T LIT]ACY4
,FUR!RMORE1 ! COGNITIVE SKILLS "ULY+
R1D+ & PRO#M SOLV+ >E AL CRITICAL 6US+
,,ICT E6ECTIVELY4 ,?US "! IS LL D\BT T
ILLIT]ACY OR L[ LIT]ACY C PRES5T A B>RI]
6A US],8;S 9T]AC;N ) ,,ICT4
  ,SPECIFIC ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES C HELP
L[-LIT]ACY POPUL,NS 03V]T+ TEXT-BAS$
3T5T 96AUDI# 3T5T4 ,^! =MS ( ,,AT    #EF
>E AVAILA# 9 SCRE5-R1D]S Z WELL Z SELF-
VOIC+ TE*NOLOGIES : C 2 9TEGRAT$ ) AN
APPLIC,N4 ,IN BO? CASES ! ,,AT IS BAS$
ON ,8,TEXT-TO-,SPEE*0' 7,,TTS7 TE*NOLOGY
& HAS HI/ORIC,Y BE5 FOCUS$ ON ASSI/+ BL
,,ICT US]S4 ,H["E1 Z ! P>ADIGM (
4ABILITIES EXP&S 69CLUDE ! BROAD] SOCIAL
MODEL ( 4ABILITIES1 WE C LIKEWISE EXP& !
-MUN;Y ( B5EFICI>IES 0FOCUS+ \R ATT5;N N
ON ! M$ICAL 4ABIL;Y (! 9T5D$ US]1 B R ON
! FUNC;NAL OBJECTIVES (! ,,AT4  ,IN ?
CASE1 ! FUNC;N (! ,,AT IS 6V]BALIZE NON-
V]BAL 3T5T3 6R1D ! 9=M,N AL\D4 ,!
B5EFICI>IES >E1 !N1 ^? POPUL,NS ^:
ABIL;Y 6R1D IS IMPAIR$ &! CAUSE (!
IMPAIR;T IS IRRELEVANT4 
  ,A4I;N,Y1 ,SPEE*-TO-,TEXT 7,,/T7
TE*NOLOGIES 3V]T SPOK5 -MUNIC,NS 96TEXT-
BAS$ -MUNIC,N4  ,^! >E (T5 US$ 0P]SONS )
MOTOR IMPAIR;TS Z AN ALT]NATIVE ME?OD =
9PUTT+ 9=M,N 96,,ICT1 S* Z -POS+ AN ;E-
MAIL4 ,? FUNC;N B5EFITS ! BR1D? ( ^?
POPUL,NS ^: ABIL;Y 6WRITE IS IMPAIR$4
,AG1 ! CAUSE (! IMPAIR;T IS IRRELEVANT
&1 AG1 ! B5EFIT IS PRODUC$ 0! 5ABL+
FUNC;N (! ,,AT 9 ! MO;T T ! DYSFUNC;N
O3URS 2T ! 9=M,N 6BE -MUNICAT$ &     #EG
XS M$IUM4 ,?US1 ! ,,/T TE*NOLOGY
PRODUCES B5EFITS = ,,ICT US]S ) POOR OR
NO WRIT+ SKILLS1 EQUIVAL5T 6! B5EFIT X
PRODUCES = ,,ICT US]S ) MOTOR IMPAIR;TS4
  ,=A FULL LI/ ( CIT,NS1 REF];ES & USE;L
RES\RCES RELAT$ 6? TOPIC1 PL1SE VISIT !
;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,POLICY ,TOOLKIT WEBSITE
7,:O B5EFITS873 ,9GHTTPCCWWW4E,+-
A3ESSIBILITYTOOLKIT4ORG_/TOOLKIT_/:O,++,
+B5EFITS
   

                   #A'D    ,ID5TIFY+
    ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y LEGISLATIVE1
    REGULATORY1 POLICY & PROGRAMS GAPS
    V]SUS ,,CRPD GUIDEL9ES & M&ATES
  ,"O FUNDA;TAL GOAL ( ,/ATES T H
RATIFI$ ! ,,CRPD IS 6TAKE [N]%IP ( _!
-PLI.E OBLIG,NS "U ! TR1TY T !Y H
SIGN$4  ,"O IMPORTANT TOOL T C 2 US$ = ?
PURPOSE IS ! ;,G#C;ICT ,A3ESSIBIL;Y
,SELF-,ASSESS;T ,FRAME"W1 : 5A#S RATIFY+
,/ATES Z WELL Z ,/ATES PLANN+ 6RATIFY !
,,CRPD 6EVALUATE _! [N PROGRESS T[>D
DOME/IC 3=M;Y )! ,,CRPD,8;,S 7,,ICT7
TR1TY /&>DS4
  ,! TEMPLATE IS DESIGN$ 65C\RAGE    #EH
GOV]N;T POLICYMAK]S & CITIZ5 L1D]S
65GAGE _! C.TRIES 9 /RIV+ = LAWS1
POLICIES1 PROGRAMS & PRACTICES T :5
IMPLE;T$ RESULT 9 M3 7;A7 A3ESSI# ,,ICT
9FRA/RUCTURE1 7;B7 AF=DA# ,,ICT & 7;C7
AVAILA# & E6ECTIVE ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY4
,SELF-ASSESS;T RESULTS & REPORTS C 2 US$
6MOBILIZE 3C]N$ ACTORS )9 ,/ATES 6"W TGR
6PROMOTE ! ,,CRPD AG5DA1 ESPECI,Y IF
V>I\S GOV]N;TAL AG5CIES1 ,4A#D ,P]SONS
,ORGANIZ,NS 7,D,P,OS7 & ,NON-,GOV]N;TAL
,ORGANIZ,NS 7,N,G,OS7 3TRIBUTE 6!
ASSESS;T & REPORT+ PROCESS4 ,:5 "W+ T[>D
IMPROV$ -PLI.E ) TR1TY PROVI.NS1 3C]N$
ORGANIZ,NS %D 2 9VOLV$ 9 9VE/IGAT+ &
MONITOR+ DOME/IC SITU,NS4 ,SELF-ASSESS;T
MAY FACILITATE ADVOCACY & NE$$ IMPROVE;T
ON _M LEVELS 05C\RAG+ COOP],N AM;G 3C]N$
ACTORS )9 ,/ATES4
   ,IN COLLECT+ DATA =! ,SELF-ASSESS;T1
A ,/ATE MAY WI% 6RELY ON 9-C.TRY LOCAL
ASSESS;T T1MS 6-PLETE A =MAL "QNAIRE
REVIEW1 9 MO/ CASES )! ASSI/.E (A LOCAL
LAWY] OR EXP]T )A MA/]Y (! C.TRY,8;S
LAWS1 OR PREF]ABLY "S"O ) EXP]I;E "W+ ON
ISSUES 9VOLV+ P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES1 E4G4
REPRES5TATIVE ,,DPO L1D]S4           #EI
  ,! ,SELF-ASSESS;T T1M %D 2 EXPECT$
6JU/IFY XS ANSW]S 6SPECIFIC "QS DUR+ !
-PLE;N (! "QNAIRE4 ,)\T A PROP]
JU/IFIC,N1 ! ASSIGN;T (A SCORE IS L>GELY
M1N+.S4 ,IN "S CASES1 = EXAMPLE1 X W 2
CLE> F A SIMPLE R1D+ (! EXC]PT$ LANGUAGE
(! LAW_/LEGISL,N_/POLICY T A C.TRY,8;S
-PLI.E )A "PICUL> >TICLE IS POOR OR
EXEMPL>Y4 ,B ? MAY N ALW 2 ! CASE1 & 9
ANY EV5T1 X _C 2 ASSUM$ T1 BAS$ ON !
TEXT AL"O1 -PLI.E 7OR NON-COMPLI.E7 W 2
APP>5T 6A R1D] ) LL OR NO FAMILI>;Y )A
"PICUL> C.TRY1 OR 6"S"O F A C.TRY )A
DI6]5T LEGAL TRADI;N4 
  ,! BASIC ACTIV;Y =! ,SELF-,ASSESS;T
,FRAME"W 9CLUDES ! FOLL[+ TASKS3
  ,++,+4          ,ID5TIFY ! C.TRY
-MIT;TS3 ,? ACTIV;Y REQUIRES ID5TIFY+ !
POLITICAL -MIT;TS MADE ) RESPECT 6!
N,NAL LAWS1 POLICIES1 PROGRAMS & PLANS (
AC;N T >E RELEVANT 6! ,,ICT PROVI.NS "U
ANALYSIS1 &! =MAL /ATUS (! C.TRY,8;S
GOV]N;T LEGAL & POLICY REGIME 9 REL,N
6^? ,,ICT -MIT;TS4  ,7,LEG @##A7'
  ,++,+4          ,ID5TIFY !
CAPAC;Y_/9FRA/RUCTURE = IMPLE;T,N3 ,?
9VOLVES EXAM9+ ! C.TRY,8;S CAPAC;Y   #FJ
6IMPLE;T ! ,,ICT PROVI.NS "U ANALYSIS1
9CLUD+ ! AVAILABIL;Y (
DIGITAL_/TE*NOLOGICAL1 F9ANCIAL & HUMAN
RES\RCES AVAILA#1 Z WELL Z O!R FACTORS--
S* Z BUSI;S1 SOCIAL1 & CULTURAL--T MAY
LIMIT OR EXP& IMPLE;T,N CAPAC;Y4 ,7,LEG
@##B7'
  ,++,+4          ,ASSESS ! C.TRY,8;S
IMPLE;T,N & IMPACT3 ,? REQUIRES !
DEVELOP;T & APPLIC,N ( 9/ITU;NAL M1SURES
65SURE T LEGAL & POLICY *ANGES >E
IMPLE;T$ 9 ACTUAL PRACTICE4 ,IN "PICUL>1
X LOOKS AT !3 7;A7 AVAILABIL;Y1
A3ESSIBIL;Y1 & AF=DABIL;Y ( ,I,C,TS &
,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGIES 7,A,TS72 7;B7
AVAILABIL;Y1 A3ESSIBIL;Y & QUAL;Y (
9=M,N & 9=M,N S]VICES2 & 7;C7 ! IMPACT (
7;A7 & 7;B7 ON ! LIVES ( P]SONS )
4ABILITIES4 ,7,LEG @##C7'
  ,++,+4          ,DRAW L9KS 2T -MIT;T &
IMPLE;T,N_/IMPACT3 ,? ACTIV;Y 9VOLVES
-P>+ ! C.TRY,8;S -MIT;TS 6! ,,CRPD )!
ACTUAL IMPLE;T,N & IMPACT REV1L$ 0!
SELF-ASSESS;T4 ,! PURPOSE ( L9K+ !
IMPLE;T,N & IMPACTS 6SPECIFIC LEGAL &
POLICY OBLIG,NS IS 6ID5TIFY ! RESULTS :
! C.TRY %D FOCUS ON4 ,? AL 9VOLVES   #FA
L9K+ ! C.TRY,8;S CAPAC;Y 6IMPLE;T !
,,CRPD OBLIG,NS & ID5TIFY+ ! MA9
OB/ACLES ! C.TRY W H 9 MEET+ ^?
OBLIG,NS4 ,:AT ,,CRPD -MIT;TS H N BE5
A*IEV$ 0! C.TRY8 ,:AT CAPAC;Y FACTORS >E
RELAT$ 6^? UNFULFILL$ GAPS8 
  ,++,+4          ,G5]ATE RECOMM5D,NS &
AC;N PLAN3 ,? ACTIV;Y 9VOLVES US+ !
RESULTS (! ABV ANALYSIS 6"W ) MULTIPLE
/AKEHOLD]S ON DEVELOP+ PROPOSALS =
LEGAL1 POLICY & PROGRAMME *ANGES4 ,X
9VOLVES G5]AT+ /RATEGIES & RECOMM5D,NS =
PREP>+ A PLAN ( AC;N 6"W ) LEGISLATORS1
REGULATORS & CIVIL SOCIETY = IMPROVE;T (
XS PUBLIC LAWS1 POLICIES & PROGRAMS1 Z
WELL Z = NEC PRIVATE SECTOR *ANGES4
  ,=A FULL LI/ ( CIT,NS1 REF];ES & USE;L
RES\RCES RELAT$ 6? TOPIC1 PL1SE VISIT !
;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,POLICY ,TOOLKIT WEBSITE
7,ASSESS;T FRAME"W73
,9GHTTPCCWWW4E,+-
A3ESSIBILITYTOOLKIT4ORG_/TOOLKIT_/UN,9G+
,+3V5;N_/ASSESS;T,++,+FRAME"W
   


                         #A'E        #FB
    ,5GAG+ ,4A#D ,P]SONS ,ORGANIZ,NS &
    O!R KEY /AKEHOLD]S 9 POLICY MAK+

                          #A'E'A     
    ,MA9/R1M+ 4ABIL;Y
  ,MA9/R1M+ 4ABIL;Y IS ! PROCESS (
ASSESS+ ! IMPLIC,NS = P]SONS )
4ABILITIES ( ANY PLANN$ AC;N1 9CLUD+
LEGISL,N1 POLICIES & PROGRAMS1 9 ALL >1S
& AT ALL LEVELS4 ,X IS A /RATEGY = MAK+
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES ,HIS 3C]NS &
EXP]I;ES AN 9TEGRAL DIM5.N (! DESIGN1
IMPLE;T,N1 MONITOR+ & EVALU,N ( POLICIES
& PROGRAMS 9 ALL POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC &
SOCIETAL SP"HS S T P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES
B5EFIT EQU,Y & 9EQUAL;Y IS N P]PETUAT$4
,! ULTIMATE GOAL IS 6A*IEVE 4ABIL;Y
EQUAL;Y4
  ,"O KEY FACTOR = MA9/R1M+ SU3ESS IS !
5GAGE;T ( 9DIVIDUALS ) 4ABILITIES T
REPRES5T CROSS-4ABIL;Y ISSUES 69=M ALL
POLICY SECTORS4 ,0ACTIVELY "PICIPAT+ 9 !
DEVELOP;T & IMPLE;T,N ( POLICIES &
/RATEGIES = A3ESSI# ,,ICT1 P]SONS )
4ABILITIES C 3TRIBUTE 6! DET]M9,N (! MO/
RELEVANT & APPROPRIATE /RATEGIES =
SU3ESS;L POLICIES4 ,"!=E1            #FC
POLICYMAK]S %D PLAN A3ESSI# MEET+S &
9CORPORATE E6ECTIVE -MUNIC,N PRACTICES S
T P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES C "PICIPATE4
   
  ,H["E1 POLICYMAK]S M/ 5GAGE N ONLY
9DIVIDUALS B AL A V>IETY ( ,4A#D ,P]SONS
,ORGANIZ,NS1 GOV]N;TS & _!
REPRES5TATIVES1 -M]CIAL ACTORS1 & O!R
GR\PS 9 ORD] 6CLOSE CURR5T & POT5TIAL
A3ESSIBIL;Y GAPS 9 ,,ICT4 ,! FOLL[+ IS A
V>IETY ( WAYS 9 : POLICYMAK]S 3SID]+ H[
BE/ 6IMPLE;T ! ,,CRPD MI<T 5GAGE
/AKEHOLD]S 9 ! PROCESS3
   
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & ,4A#D ,P]SONS
,ORGANIZ,NS ON DEVELOP+ A3ESSIBIL;Y
POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,FUND ! CU/OMIZ,N (
BASIC ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES TOOLS 9 LOCAL
LANGUAGE 9CLUD+ TEXT- TO-SPEE*1 VOICE
RECOGNI;N & SCRE5 R1D]S4
  ,++,+4          ,DESIGN & MA9TA9
A3ESSI# ;E-GOV]N;T WEB SITES AC
6;,W#C,C-,,WAI /&>DS & PROMO;N ( A3ESSI#
PRIVATE WEBSITES4
  ,++,+4          ,USE UNIV]SAL      #FD
S]VICE_/A3ESS FUNDS 6SUPPORT ( ,,ICT
A3ESSIBIL;Y PROGRAMS1 E4G4 9 S*OOLS &
VOC,NAL TRA9+ C5TRES4
  ,++,+4          ,REQUIRE ANY PUBLIC
PROCURE;T ( ,I,C,TS 6PUR*ASE A3ESSI#
,,ICT4
  ,++,+4          ,MAKE PUBLICLY AVAILA#
A3ESSI# ELECTRONIC DOCU;TS ACR ALL >1S (
GOV]N;T4
  ,++,+4          ,PROMOTE ! AVAILABIL;Y
( TEXT BOOKS 9 DIGITAL =MAT AL;G ,,DAISY
/&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,DEVELOP ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES TOOLS AVAILA# = $UC,N
APPLIC,N4
  ,++,+4          ,TRA9 SPECIAL $UC,N
T1*]S 6SUPPORT 4A#D /UD5TS 9 US+
ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES4
   

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/&>DS & PROMOTE A3ESSI# PRIVATE
WEBSITES4
  ,++,+4          ,REQUIRE ALL PUBLIC
PROCURE;T ( ,I,C,TS 6PUR*ASE A3ESSI#
,,ICT4
  ,++,+4          ,5SURE A3ESSI#
ELECTRONIC DOCU;TS ACR ALL >1S (
GOV]N;T4
  ,++,+4          ,ALL[ PROVI.NS =
R1SONA# A3OMMOD,N =! "WPLACE4
  ,++,+4          ,B5*M>K1 M1SURE &
REPORT PROGRESS ON AC;NS TAK51 Z ? IS AN
ESS5TIAL TOOL = POLICYMAK]S 6ASSESS !
E6ECTIVE;S ( C.TRY POLICIES & PROGRAMS4




                                     #HA
    #B'A'B      ,TELECOM_/,,ICT
    REGULATOR1 BROADCA/+ AU?OR;Y _/
    ,M9I/RY ( ,TELECOMMUNIC,NS _/
    -MUNIC,NS _/ TE*NOLOGY
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,PROMOTE AVAILABIL;Y (
A3ESSI# CELL PH"OS4
  ,++,+4          ,PROMOTE A3ESSI# PR9T
9=M,N4
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE RELAY S]VICES
=! D1F OR 8,TOTAL ,3V]S,N04
  ,++,+4          ,9/ALL A3ESSI# PUBLIC
PH"OS4
  ,++,+4          ,IMPLE;T ,,TV CLOS$
CAP;N+ =! D1F &_/OR SIGN LANGUAGE
9T]PRET,N4
  ,++,+4          ,FUND ! CU/OMIZ,N (
BASIC ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY TOOLS 9 LOCAL
LANGUAGE 9CLUD+ TEXT-TO-SPEE*1 VOICE
RECOGNI;N & SCRE5 R1D]S 7) OR 9/1D (
M9I/RY ( $UC,N74
  ,IN COORD9,N ) O!R SECTORS ( GOV]N;T3
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE A3ESSI#
EM]G5CY -MUNIC,NS = 4A/] MANAGE;T    #HB
7IN COORD9,N ) M9I/RY ( 9T]IOR1 HOMEL&
DE"P;T74
  ,++,+4          ,UTILIZE UNIV]SAL
S]VICE _/ A3ESS FUNDS 6SUPPORT ,,ICT
A3ESSIBIL;Y PROGRAMS1 E4G4 9 S*OOLS &
VOC,NAL TRA9+ C5TRES4
  ,++,+4          ,COLLECT 4A7REGAT$
DATA ON ,,ICT USE 04ABIL;Y & TYPE (
,,ICT4

                            #B'A'C     
    ,M9I/RY ( ,$UC,N
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,FUND ! CU/OMIZ,N (
BASIC ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES TOOLS 9 LOCAL
LANGUAGE 9CLUD+ TEXT-TO-SPEE*1 VOICE
RECOGNI;N & SCRE5 R1D]S4
  ,++,+4          ,PROMOTE ! AVAILABIL;Y
( TEXT BOOKS 9 DIGITAL =MAT AL;G ,,DAISY
/&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,SELECT & MAKE
ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES TOOLS AVAILA# =
$UC,N APPLIC,N4
  ,++,+4          ,TRA9 SPECIAL      #HC
$UC,N T1*]S 6SUPPORT /UD5TS ) 4ABILITIES
9 US+ ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES4
  ,++,+4          ,5SURE T ;E-LE>N+ OR
L;G 4T.E LE>N+ IS 3DUCT$ ON A3ESSI#
WEBSITES4

                           #B'A'D     
    ,M9I/RY ( ,LAB\R _/ ,SOCIAL ,A6AIRS
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T ( A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES
& REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,REQUE/ ALL SECTORS
6"W ON ! 9TEGR,N ( P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES 9
! LAB\R =CE 7E4G4 5C\RAGE APPLIC,NS (
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & CR1TE TELE-"W+ ":
POSSI#74
  ,++,+4          ,SELECT & PROMOTE
ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY TOOLS = P]SONS )
4ABILITIES4
  ,++,+4          ,SUPPORT EMPLOY]S &
PROGRAMS (F]+ A3OMMOD,N ) ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES 9 ! "WPLACE4
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE 9C5TIVES =!
PRIVATE SECTOR 6HIRE P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES
7E4G4 PROVIDE TAX 9C5TIVES = EMPLOY]S OR
FUND ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY TOOLS =      #HD
USE Z R1SONA# A3OMMOD,NS74

                       #B'A'E     
    ,M9I/RY ( ,9T]IOR1 ,HOMEL& ,DE"P;T
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE A3ESSI#
ELECTRONIC VOT+ MA*9ES4
  ,++,+4          ,5C\RAGE & PROMOTE
9DU/RY OR PRIVATE SECTOR EF=TS =!
DEVELOP;T & PRODUC;N ( ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES & RELAT$ ,,ICT EQUIP;T =
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES4
  ,IN COORD9,N ) O!R SECTORS ( GOV]N;T3
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE A3ESSI#
EM]G5CY -MUNIC,NS = 4A/] MANAGE;T 7IN
COORD9,N ) ,M9I/RY ( ,TELECOMMUNIC,N74

                        #B'A'F     
    ,M9I/RY ( ,H1L?
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,5C\RAGE &         #HE
PROMOTE 9DU/RY OR PRIVATE SECTOR EF=TS
=! DEVELOP;T & PRODUC;N (    DEVELOP OR
PRODUCE ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES & RELAT$
,,ICT EQUIP;T = P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES4
  ,IN COORD9,N ) O!R SECTORS ( GOV]N;T3
  ,++,+4          ,FUND ! CU/OMIZ,N (
BASIC ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES TOOLS 9 LOCAL
LANGUAGE 9CLUD+ TEXT-TO-SPEE*1 VOICE
RECOGNI;N & SCRE5 R1D]S 7IN COORD9,N )
,M9I/RY ( ,$UC,N74
  ,++,+4          ,FO/] ,R@&,D PROGRAMS
9 COOP],N ) REHABILIT,N C5TRES & 9VE/ =
ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES4
  ,++,+4          ,SEEK 9T]N,NAL COOP],N
9 PROMOT+ ! USAGE ( ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES4
  ,++,+4          ,IMPLE;T POLICY &
PROGRAMS 6HELP P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES
ACQUIRE & USE ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES4

                      #B'A'G     
    ,M9I/RY ( ,TRANSPORT,N
  ,++,+4          ,HOLD PUBLIC 3SULT,NS
) P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,PROVIDE A3ESSI#   #HF
DIGITAL SIGNAGE 9 PUBLIC TRANSPORT,N 9
A4I;N 6A3ESSI# TRANSPORT,N S* Z BUSES
EQUIPP$ ) LIFTS = P]SONS US+ :EEL*AIRS &
A3ESSI# PA?S ( TRAVEL4

                        #B'A'H      ;E-
    ,GOV]N;T S]VICES
  ,IN ALL GOV]N;T >1S1 ;E-S]VICE
A3ESSIBIL;Y GUIDEL9ES %D 2 DEVELOP$ =
PROVID+3
  ,++,+4          ,PUBLIC 3SULT,NS )
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! REPRES5TATIVE
ORGANIZ,NS 3C]N+ ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES & REGUL,NS4
  ,++,+4          ,A3ESSI# ;E-GOV]N;T
WEBSITES Z P] ;,W#C,C-,,WAI /&>DS &
PROMO;N ( A3ESSI# PRIVATE WEBSITES4
  ,++,+4          ,A3ESSI# PH"O S]VICES4
  ,++,+4          ,A3ESSI# ELECTRONIC
KIOSKS4
  ,++,+4          ,A3ESSI# ELECTRONIC
DOCU;TS ACR ALL >1S ( GOV]N;T4
  ,++,+4          ,A3ESSI# DIGITAL
SIGNAGE4
  ,++,+4          ,PROVI.NS = R1SONA#
A3OMMOD,N =! "WPLACE4
  ,++,+4          ,PUBLIC            #HG
PROCURE;T ( A3ESSI# ,I,C,TS4
  ,++,+4          ,B5*M>K+1 M1SUR+ &
REPORT+ PROGRESS ON AC;NS TAK51 Z ? IS
AN ESS5TIAL TOOL = POLICYMAK]S 6ASSESS !
E6ECTIVE;S ( C.TRY POLICIES & PROGRAMS4
                  

                         #B'A'I ,LOCAL
    GOV]N;T
  ,++,+4          ,COLLABORATE ) LOCAL
GOV]N;TS4
  ,++,+4          ,5SURE SECURE -MIT;T
6A3ESSIBIL;Y F ! EXECUTIVE (FICE4
  ,++,+4          ,9VOLVE ! LOCAL
4ABIL;Y -MUN;Y 9 PROGRAMME EF=TS4
  ,++,+4          ,ID5TIFY & ADOPT
-PREH5SIVE ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y /&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,9TEGRATE A3ESSIBIL;Y
96,,X GOV]N.E1 PROJECT MANAGE;T1 &
PROCURE;T PROCESSES4
  ,++,+4          ,TRA9 EMPLOYEES ON
ADOPT$ ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y /&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,UTILIZE TOOLS T
FACILITATE ADH];E 6A3ESSIBIL;Y /&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,TE/ PRODUCTS US+ -MON
ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES4
  ,++,+4          ,AUDIT & REPORT    #HH
ON PROGRESS REGUL>LY 65SURE -PLI.E4
  ,++,+4          ,UPGRADE ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGY TOOLS & ADAPT A3ESSIBIL;Y
/&>DS REGUL>LY4
  ,=A FULL LI/ ( CIT,NS1 REF];ES & USE;L
RES\RCES RELAT$ 6? TOPIC1 PL1SE VISIT !
;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,POLICY ,TOOLKIT WEBSITE
7,DEVELOP+ POLICY73
 ,9GHTTPCCWWW4E,+-
A3ESSIBILITYTOOLKIT4ORG_/TOOLKIT_/DEVELO
P+,++,+POLICY
   

                            #B'B   
    ,SETT+ /&>DS
  ,A3ESSIBIL;Y = P]VASIVE ,9=M,N &
,-MUNIC,N ,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,ICT7 REQUIRES
COORD9,N 2T _M 9DEP5D5T SOCIETAL -PON5TS
9CLUD+ $UC,N1 EMPLOY;T1 ECONOMIC
FACTORS1 CIVIL "RS1 & RESE>* &
DEVELOP;T4 ,,ICT 9T]N,NAL TE*NICAL /&>DS
PROVIDE A -MON PLAT=M = TE*NOLOGICAL
DEVELOP;T _WWIDE4
   ,"O (! IMPORTANT B5EFITS ( /&>DS =
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES IS 65SURE A GRT]
LEVEL ( 9T]OP]ABIL;Y 2T SY/EMS1 -MUNIC,N
PROTOCOLS & APPLIC,NS4  ,IN A4I;N1   #HI
F AN ,,ICT 9DU/RY /&PO9T1 ! DEVELOP;T (
A3ESSIBIL;Y & ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY /&>DS C
GRTLY 5H.E M>KET DYNAMICS4  ,/&>DS FO/]
-PETI;N1 5ABL+ 9DU/RY 6DELIV] MASS
PRODUC$ 7& "!=E *1P]7 A3ESSI# & ASSI/IVE
SOLU;NS BAS$ ON GRT] ECONOMIES ( SCALE &
-PETI;N4  ,/&>DIZ,N 5C\RAGES ORGANIZ,NS
6A4RESS ! NE$S ( P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES &
P]SONS ) LIMIT,NS DUE 6AGE2 X TRI7]S
DEVELOP;T ( ,,ICT PRODUCTS & S]VICES )
BUILT-9 A3ESSIBIL;Y4
  ,9T]N,NAL ,/&>DS ,DEVELOP;T
,ORGANIZ,NS 7,S,D,OS7 PLAY AN IMPORTANT
ROLE 9 PROMOT+ ;E-A3ESSIBIL;Y = ,,ICT
PRODUCT & S]VICES4  ,POLICYMAK]S C 9 MO/
CASES RELY ON _! LOCAL /&>DS ORGANIZ,NS
: 2L;G 69T]N,NAL ,S,D,OS = A3ESS 6_! ;E-
A3ESSIBIL;Y PROGRAMS & /&>DS4 ,/&>DS
DEVELOP$ 0ORGANIZ,NS S* Z ,9T]N,NAL
,TELECOMMUNIC,N ,UNION 7,,ITU-;,T71
,9T]N,NAL ,ORGANIZ,N = ,/&>DIZ,N
7,,ISO71 ,_W ,WIDE ,WEB ,3SORTIUM
7;,W#C,C7 & ,9T]N,NAL ,ELECTROTE*NICAL
,-MIS.N 7,,IEC7 C 9FLU;E *ANGES ON A
GLOBAL SCALE1 Z !Y >E N B.D 0A SPECIFIC
JURISDIC;N1 UNLIKE REGULATORY 9/RU;TS4
,? "*I/IC ( 9T]N,NAL /&>DS           #IJ
ESPECI,Y -PLI;TS ! OBJECTIVE (! ,,CRPD )
REG>D 6DEVELOP+ M9IMUM /&>DS & GUIDEL9ES
= A3ESSIBIL;Y1 PROMOT+ ,UNIV]SAL
,DESIGN1 & FACILITAT+ 9T]N,NAL COOP],N
7,>TICLES #I7;A71 #D7F7 & #CB74
,A4I;N,Y1 Z 9T]N,NAL /&>D ORGANIZ,NS "W
ON A DIV]SE RANGE ( TOPICS1 !Y C DEPLOY
HI<LY SPECIALIZ$ EXP]TISE 9 >1S S* Z
5COD+ ( LANGUAGES OR SPECIFIC,NS = M$IA
=MATS : MAY H DIRECT OR 9DIRECT IMPACT
ON ! A3ESSIBIL;Y ( ,,ICT4 ,IMPROV+
A3ESSIBIL;Y AW>E;S 9 ! "W ( /&>D
DEVELOP;T WD H F>-R1*+ IMPACT ON
TE*NOLOGIES T >E N EASILY A6ECT$
0REGULATORY 9/RU;TS4

                                        
                    #B'B'A     
    ,,ISO_/,,IEC ;,,JTC#A
  ,,ISO_/,,IEC ;,,JTC#A IS A JO9T
TE*NICAL -MITTEE CR1T$ 0! ,9T]N,NAL
,/&>DIZ,N ,ORGANIZ,N 7,,ISO7 &!
,9T]N,NAL ,ELECTROTE*NICAL ,-MITTEE
7,,IEC7 6PROVIDE A S+LE1 -PREH5SIVE
/&>DIZ,N -MITTEE 6A4RESS ,,ICT /&>DIZ,N4
,,JTC #A /&>DS >E GLOB,Y RECOGNIZ$ &
PROVIDE 9T]OP]ABIL;Y CAPABILITIES    #IA
9 ORD] 6PROMOTE SU/A9$ DEVELOP;T &
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  ,IN ,OCTOB] #BJJD1 ,,JTC #A E/ABLI%$ A
,SPECIAL ,"W+ ,GR\P ON ,A3ESSIBIL;Y &!
F/ MEET+ 0 HELD 9 ,APRIL #BJJE4 ,REF]R$
6Z ;,,JTC#A ,,SWG-,A1 ! ,SPECIAL ,"W+
,GR\P ON ,A3ESSIBIL;Y HAS A WIDE
MEMB]%IP OP5 6ALL /&>DS DEVELOP;T
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US] REPRES5TATIVES4
  ,SPECIAL "W+ GR\P ON A3ESSIBIL;Y
  ,"U/&+ ! POT5TIAL POSITIVE IMPACT
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7,,SWG-,A7 AT XS ,B]L9 MEET+4  ,!
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  ,++,+4          ,DET]M9E AN APPROA* &
IMPLE;T ! GA!R+ ( US] REQUIRE;TS4
  ,++,+4          ,GA!R & PUBLI% AN
9V5TORY ( ALL "KN A3ESSIBIL;Y /&>DS
EF=TS4
  ,++,+4          ,ID5TIFY >1S _/
TE*NOLOGIES ": VOLUNT>Y /&>DS >E N 2+
A4RESS$ & SU7E/ AN APPROPRIATE BODY
63SID] ! NEW "W4                     #IB
  ,++,+4          ,TRACK PUBLIC LAWS1
POLICIES_/M1SURES & GUIDEL9ES 65SURE !
NEC /&>DS >E AVAILA#4
  ,++,+4          ,5C\RAGE1 "? WIDE
4SEM9,N (! ,,SWG MAT]IALS1 ! USE (
GLOB,Y RELEVANT VOLUNT>Y /&>DS4
  ,++,+4          ,ASSI/ 3SORTIA _/
FORA1 IF DESIR$1 9 SUBMITT+ _!
SPECIFIC,NS 6! =MAL /&>DS PROCESS4
  ,,SWG-,A HAS PROVID$ ?REE SIGNIFICANT
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  ,++,+4          ,US] ,NE$S ,SUMM>Y--
6FACILITATE ,/&>D ,DEVELOP;T ,ORGANIZ,NS
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DUR+ /&>D PLANN+ & DEVELOP;T4
  ,++,+4          ,/&>DS ,9V5TORY--
6ITEMIZE ALL "KN /&>DS & PUBLIC POLICIES
RELAT$ 6A3ESSIBIL;Y4
  ,++,+4          ,GUID.E ON MAPP+ US]
NE$S--PROVIDES GUID.E = ,/&>D ,DEVELOP;T
,ORGANIZ,NS 6MAP A /&>D AG/ US] NE$S4





                                     #IC
               #B'B'B      ,9T]N,NAL
    ,TELECOMMUNIC,N ,UNION 7,,ITU7
  ,! ,9T]N,NAL ,TELECOMMUNIC,N ,UNION
7,,ITU7 "WS EXT5SIVELY 9 ! FIELDS (
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  ,,ITU-;,T HAS SE5 ! "W ON A3ESSIBIL;Y
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,,ITU-;,T HAS BE5 PROMOT+ A3ESSIBIL;Y )!
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8,DESIGN = ALL0 S9CE #BJJJ--) XS
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PROVIDES =A SY/EMIS$ PROCESS ( -PLA9T
REGI/R,N 9 CASES ( NON-COMPLI.E4 ,?\< X
ORIG9,Y APPLI$ ONLY 6! F$]AL GOV]N;T1
MO/ ,/ATES H N[ ADOPT$ X Z /ATE LAW & _M
-PANIES H ADOPT$ X = _! (FICIAL
POLICIES4 ,SEC;N #EJH AL PROVIDES =!
SETT+ UP ( AN ,A3ESS ,BO>D 6P]IODIC,Y
REVIEW & AM5D ! /&>DS4 ,YET1 X REMA9S
UNCLE> :E!R ,U4,S4 ANTI-4CRIM9,N LAW
APPLICA# 6! PRIVATE SECTOR AL APPLIES 6!
,9T]NET4 ,CURR5T CASE LAW SU7E/S T !
PRIVATE PROVID]S ( GDS & S]VICES MAY N
4CRIM9ATE AG/ P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES ON !
,9T]NET1 & _M -PANIES >E PRE-EMPT+
FUTURE LAWSUITS 0ADOPT+ A3ESSIBIL;Y
POLICIES ( _! [N4
                #D'A'B              #AIA
    ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM
  ,! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM,8;S REGIME TAKES A
DI6]5T =M3 X DOES N H LEGISL,N DIRECTLY
A4RESS+ WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,R1 XS KEY/"O
IS ! ,4ABIL;Y ,4CRIM9,N ,ACT1 A G5]AL
LAW PROHIBIT+ 4CRIM9,N AG/ P]SONS )
4ABILITIES 9 ! PROVI.N ( GDS1 FACILITIES
& S]VICES4 ,?\< ! ,ACT 3TA9S NO DIRECT
REF];E 6WEBSITES OR WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y1 X
IS N DESIGN$ 6M5;N ANY GDS OR S]VICES
SPECIFIC,Y1 & FOCUSES 9/1D ON !
RESPONSIBIL;Y (! S]VICE PROVID] 65SURE
EQUITA# A3ESS4  ,! PRACTICAL M1N+ (!
,ACT IS 9/1D \TL9$ 9 ! ,CODE ( ,PRACTICE
=! ,ACT : EXPLICITLY M5;NS WEBSITES4
,A4I;N,Y1 A DOCU;T CALL$ ! ;,,PAS#GH
PROVIDES GUID.E 6ORGANIZ,NS 9 H[ 6-MIS.N
AN A3ESSI# WEBSITE F A DESIGN AG5CY4 ,!
5=CE;T ( ^! LEGAL PROVI.NS DEP5DS
PRIM>ILY ON US]S ) 4ABILITIES FIL+
-PLA9TS1 CULM9AT+ 9 LEGAL AC;N4 ,!
UNEQUIVOCAL APPLIC,N (! ,UNIT$
,K+DOM,8;S WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y LAW 6!
PRIVATE SECTOR IS A KEY S\RCE ( XS
/R5G?4

                #D'A'C              #AIB
    ,AU/RALIA
  ,! ,AU/RALIAN WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y REGUL,NS
>E AL ROOT$ 9 ! ,AU/RALIAN ,4ABIL;Y
,4CRIM9,N ,ACT 7,,DDA74 ,ALL GOV]N;TS 9
,AU/RALIA H POLICIES & GUIDEL9ES T D1L )
A3ESSI# PUBLIC WEBSITES4 ,! ,_WWIDE ,WEB
,A3ESS ,ADVISORY ,NOTES 6! ,,DDA1 : 3TA9
SPECIFIC GUIDEL9ES = ,8AU?ORS & DESIGN]S
6MAKE _! _WWIDE WEB DOCU;TS A3ESSI# 6!
BROADE/ POSSI# AUDI;E0' BUTTRESS ! G5]AL
ANTIDISCRIM9,N REGIME1 5SURE XS
APPLICABIL;Y 6! ,9T]NET1 & 5H.E
5=C1BIL;Y & -PLI.E4 ,! ,HUMAN ,"RS &
,EQUAL ,OPPORTUN;Y ,-MIS.N 7,,HREOC7 HAS
RESPONSIBIL;Y = PROMOT+ ! OBJECTIVES (!
,4ABIL;Y ,4CRIM9,N ,ACT 7,,DDA7 &
PROVIDES ADVICE AB ! IMPLIC,NS &
MONITOR+ (! ,ACT = WEBSITE OP]ATORS4 ,!
PIONE]+ CASE ( ,MAGUIRE V4 ,,SOCOG1 ": A
BL MAN SU3ESS;LLY SU$ AN ORGANIZ,N1 IS
HI<LY RELEVANT1 Z ! \TCOME (! CASE 0
9FLU5C$ H1VILY 0! ,,WCAG4 ,? CASE W
LIKELY 2 A PO9T ( REF];E = O!R C\RTS1 9
,AU/RALIA & ABROAD1 D1L+ ) WEBSITE
A3ESSIBIL;Y SUITS4 

                #D'A'D      ,G]_M   #AIC
  ,G]_M HAS _M REGUL,NS COV]+
A3ESSIBIL;Y = P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & IS
"O (! MO/ ADV.ED N,NS 9 ? REG>D4 ,XS
REGUL,NS COV] A3ESSIBIL;Y ( BO? WEB &
O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,X HAS
G5]IC 4ABIL;Y LEGISL,N 9 ! =M ( AN EQUAL
OPPORTUNITIES ACT = P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES
& COV]S WEB & ELECTRONIC A3ESSIBIL;Y "?
REGUL,N 9 ! =M (A F$]AL ORD9.E4 ,XS
BROAD ,B>RI]-FREE ,9=M,N ,TE*NOLOGY
,ORD9.E 7,9GHTTPCCWWW4E9FA*,+-FU]-
ALL$4E_/>TIKEL_/BITV,++,+5GLI%_/7 COV]S
WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y & 3TA9S PROVI.NS =
REGUL> EVALU,N & REVIEW (! ,ORD9.E4 ,!
,ORD9.E IS APPLICA# 6AU?ORITIES1 H1L?
9SUR.ES & O!R BODIES1 F.D,NS & PUBLIC
9/ITU;NS & 6! PRIVATE SECTOR 9 A M
LIMIT$ WAY4

                #D'A'E      ,PORTUGAL
  ,PORTUGAL HAS PUT 9 PLACE WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y GUIDEL9ES = PUBLIC WEBSITES4
,:ILE "! IS NO SPECIFIC LEGISL,N T HAS
BE5 5ACT$1 ! ,PORTUGUESE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
REGIME IS 4T9CT = XS ROBU/ MONITOR+
-PON5T4 ,! ,RESOLU;N (! ,C\NCIL (
,M9I/]S ON ! ,A3ESSIBIL;Y (         #AID
,PUBLIC ,ADM9I/R,N ,WEBSITES = ,CITIZ5S
) ,SPECIAL ,NE$S /ATES T 9=M,N LAY\T &
PRES5T,N 9 PUBLIC ADM9I/R,N WEBSITES
7C5TRAL & LOCAL7 %D ALL[ OR FACILITATE
A3ESS 0P]SONS ) SPECIAL NE$S4 ,!
,RESOLU;N AL PROVIDES =A ,M9I/] 6BE
APPO9T$ 6MONITOR & EVALUATE ! 5=CE;T ( ?
PIECE ( LEGISL,N & REQUIRES A REPORT 6BE
PRES5T$ ON XS IMPLE;T,N4

                         #D'A'F     
    ,NEW ,Z1L&
  ,NEW ,Z1L&,8;S WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y REGIME
PRIM>ILY -PRIS$ 0XS SET ( ,8,NEW ,Z1L&
,GOV]N;T ,WEB ,/&>DS & ,RECOMM5D,NS0'1
EXEMPLIFIES ^? REGIMES BAS$ L>GELY ON !
,,WCAG4 ,? IS AN IMPORTANT REM9D] T
C.TRIES SEEK+ 6ADOPT WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
REGIMES NE$ N NECESS>ILY 5GAGE 9
EXT5SIVE PROCESSES ( POLICY DEVELOP;T3 !
,,WCAG PROVIDE A R1DY REF];E =!
DEVELOP;T ( E6ECTIVE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y LAW
& POLICY4 ,! LEGISL,N & GUIDEL9ES COV]+
WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y M&ATE -PLI.E 0PUBLIC
SECTOR AG5CIES4

                                    #AIE
    #D'A'G      ,CANADA
  ,CANADA,8;S ,9T]NET /&>DS1 ! ,8,-MON
,LOOK & ,FEEL ,/&>DS =! ,9T]NET0' >E1 L
^? (! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 L>GELY DEP5D5T ON !
PRIVATE FIL+ ( -PLA9TS4  ,P]SONS :O >E
UNJU/LY 4CRIM9AT$ AG/ MAY FILE A
3FID5TIAL -PLA9T )! ,CANADIAN ,HUMAN
,"RS ,-MIS.N4 ,! APPLICABIL;Y (!
GUIDEL9ES IS 6ALL ,GOV]N;T ,DE"P;TS &
,M9I/RIES & AG5CIES B N 6ANY PRIVATE
ORGANIZ,NS4 ,O!R ?AN ^! /&>DS1 ,CANADA
HAS _M K9DS ( HUMAN "RS LEGISL,N :
ADVOCATE A3ESSIBIL;Y1 & O!R (FICES &
REPORTS : D1L )! ISSUE4

                        #D'A'H     
    ,IREL&
  ,:ILE ,IREL& HAS =MULAT$ S"EAL
POLICIES & PROGRAMS D1L+ ) WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y = P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES1 "! IS
NO SPECIFIC LEGISL,N T DIRECTLY COV]S ?
>EA4 ,IREL& HAS N,NAL GUIDEL9ES ON
A3ESSIBIL;Y ( ,,X PRODUCTS & S]VICES1 :
9 ! SPECIFIC CASE ( WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
ESS5TI,Y ADOPT OR 9CORPORATE ;,W#C,C
,,WCAG #A'J )\T SUB/ANTIVE *ANGE4
,APPLICABIL;Y ( GUIDEL9ES IS        #AIF
PRIM>ILY 6! PUBLIC SECTOR & IS AG N
M&ATORY4 ,! ,N,NAL ,4ABIL;Y ,AU?OR;Y HAS
AL PUBLI%$ ! N,NAL GUIDEL9ES ON
A3ESSIBIL;Y ( ,,X PRODUCTS & S]VICES 9 !
PUBLIC SECTOR1 : H SEC;NS ON WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,:ILE ^! GUIDEL9ES >E
ADVISORY R ?AN -PULSORY1 "! IS EVID;E T
!Y H BE5 ADH]$ 60N,NAL & SUB-N,NAL
GOV]N;TS4

              #D'A'I      ,ITALY
  ,ITALY PROVIDES AN EXAMPLE (A C.TRY
RESPOND+ 6! EVOLU;N ( 9T]N,NAL NORMS
0IMPLE;T+ DOME/IC WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
9ITIATIVES4 ,X IS N CO9CID5TAL T !
UMBRELLA LAW 3C]N+ A3ESS = P]SONS )
4ABILITIES 6,,ICT1 ,LAW #D_/#BJJD1 0
DRAFT$ 9 #BJJC1 ! ,EUROP1N ,YE> (
,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES4 ,! REQUIRE;TS (!
,LAW 9CLUDE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y & PLACE ^U
GOV]N;T AG5CIES ! OBLIG,N ( MAK+ PUBLIC
SECTOR WEBSITES A3ESSI# & 65SURE
A3ESSIBIL;Y :ILE PUR*AS+ ,,ICT GDS &
S]VICES & SIGN+ 3TRACTS = _! MA9T5.E4 ,?
LAW IS SUPPORT$ 0TWO DECREES1 "O ( :
SPECIFIES ! 5=CE;T REGUL,NS & "O ( :
LAYS D[N ! TE*NICAL REQUIRE;TS =    #AIG
WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y 6BE ADH]$ TO4 ,!
GUIDEL9ES APPLY 6N,NAL & LOCAL PUBLIC
BODIES & 6PRIVATE SUBJECTS1 IF !Y >E
3CES.N>IES ( PUBLIC 9=M,N OR S]VICES1 &
6PUBLIC TRANSPORT & TELECOMMUNIC,NS
-PANIES4 ,! CASE ( ,ITALY /&S Z TE/A;T
6! 9FLU;E ( EVOLV+ 9T]N,NAL NORMS4

                 #D'A'AJ    ,SW$5
  ,SW$5 HAS A V DETAIL$ SET ( NON-
M&ATORY GUIDEL9ES ON WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y1 Z
WELL Z /IPULAT+ T GOV]N;T PRODUCTS &
S]VICES >E A3ESSI# 6P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES2
X LACKS LEGISL,N 6=TIFY ^! GUIDEL9ES )!
=CE ( LAW4 ,SW$5 HAS PASS$ LAWS REQUIR+
T ,,X PRODUCTS & S]VICES %D 2 A3ESSI# 6&
USA# 0"EY"O Z F> Z ? IS AT ALL POSSI#1
9CLUD+ P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & ? IS
APPLICA# 6ALL 9 ,SW$54 ,X DOES H A
-PREH5SIVE 4ABIL;Y POLICY ) O!R LEGISL,N
RELAT+ 6NON-4CRIM9,N ETC4 ,& FASC9AT+LY1
/UDIES %[ T OV] #HJ 3P ( PUBLIC SECTOR
WEBSITES >E FOLL[+ ^! GUIDEL9ES 6"S
EXT5T4 ,X IS DANG]\S1 H["E 6EXTRACT ANY
G5]AL LESSON F ! ,SW$I% EXAMPLE S9CE
SIMIL> LEVELS ( VOLUNT>Y -PLI.E _C 2
EXPECT$ F C.TRIES ^: 3DI;NS V>Y     #AIH
DRA/IC,Y F ^? ( ,SW$54 ,H["E1 ! ,SW$I%
EXAMPLE S]VES Z TE/A;T 6! FACT T WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y GUIDEL9ES NE$ N 2 S DI6ICULT
6-PLY )3 !Y C 2 ADOPT$ Q EASILY 9 _M
CASES4

               #A #D'A'AA    ,EUROP1N
    ,UNION
  ,! ,EUROP1N ,UNION HAS ADOPT$ A *>T] (
FUNDA;TAL "RS & AN AC;N PLAN DESIGN$
6PROTECT ! "RS ( ,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES &
EXT5D A3ESSIBIL;Y ( ,,X PRODUCTS &
S]VICES 9CLUD+ WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,! ,,EU
HAS AL ISSU$ -MUNIC,NS & ADOPT$
RESOLU;NS Z WELL Z AC;N PLANS )! AIM (
PROVID+ 9CR1S$ A3ESSIBIL;Y 6PUBLIC
WEBSITES & 3T5T Z WELL Z 9CR1S$
AVAILABIL;Y ( ,,X PRODUCTS & S]VICES
6P]SONS 9 ! ,,EU4 ,:ILE GUIDEL9ES -PLY )
,,WCAG1 ! IMPLE;T,N (! SAME IS / 9
PROGRESS4 ,FUR!R APPLICABIL;Y IS /
RE/RICT$ 6PUBLIC SECTOR AG5CIES1
PRODUCTS & S]VICES4
  ,! ,EUROP1N ,UNION HAS A ,8,C\NCIL
,RESOLU;N ON ! A3ESSIBIL;Y ( PUBLIC
WEBSITES & _! 3T5T0' : D1LS ) WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,! ,AC;N ,PLANS (!     #AII
,,EU >E UNIQUE4 ,!Y >E DIRECT & !Y SET
CLE> GOALS4  ,"! IS A CLE>-CUT D1DL9E
PRESCRIB$ = MAK+ *ANGES 6REG>D+ WEBSITE
A3ESSIBIL;Y4  ,H["E1 ! EXT5T 6: DI6]5T
C.TRIES 9 ! ,,EU FOLL[ ,,EU GUIDEL9ES
V>IES4 ,! ,,EU HAS -MIS.N$ /UDIES OV] !
PA/ FEW YE>S 6M1SURE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y &
HAS BE5 4SATISFI$ ) XS [N PROGRESS4 ,IN
#BJJF ! ,8,M1SUR+ PROGRESS ( ;E-
,A3ESSIBIL;Y 9 ,EUROPE0' 7,ME,,AC7 /UDY
F.D T ONLY A V SMALL PROPOR;N ( KEY
GOV]N;T WEBSITES 9 ! ,MEMB] ,/ATES MEET
! A3EPT$ M9IMUM 9T]N,NAL /&>DS ON
A3ESSIBIL;Y 7#AB'E 3P PASS$ AUTOMAT$
TE/+ & ONLY #E'C 3P PASS$ BO? AUTOMATIC
& MANUAL EXAM9,N71 & F.D T ! %>E ( KEY
-M]CIAL _/ SECTORAL WEBSITES 7E4G4
RAILWAYS1 ,,TV1 NEWSPAP]S1 RETAIL BANK+7
PROVID+ ? M9IMUM LEVEL ( A3ESSIBIL;Y IS
EV5 L[] 7ONLY #C'I 3P PASS$ AUTOMAT$
TE/+ :ILE N A S+LE SITE PASS$ BO?
AUTOMATIC & MANUAL TE/+7#1FROM  ,:ILE S*
RESULTS >E NO": NE> 5 6OV]COME ! DIGITAL
DIVIDE1 ! /UDY F.D T S* RESULTS -P>$ V
UNFAV\RABLY ) ^? P]TA9+ 6,AU/RALIA1
,CANADA1 &! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--S* SELF-
ASSESS;T & SELF-REGUL,N IS          #BJJ
ESS5TIAL 6! FUNC;N+ ( ANY E6ECTIVE
REGIME4

                  #D'A'AB    ,JAPAN
  ,JAPAN DOES N H ANY LEGISL,N COV]+
A3ESSIBIL;Y1 B ! GUIDEL9ES = A3ESSIBIL;Y
H BE5 LAID D[N 9 ! =M ( AN ,9DU/RIAL
,/&>D 0! ,JAPANESE ,/&>DS ,ASSOCI,N4 ,IN
#BJJD1 BUILD+ ON ,,ISO_/,,IEC ,,GUIDE
#GA & ,,JIS ;,Z #HJGA1 ! ,JAPANESE
,9DU/RIAL ,/&>D = WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y 0
REL1S$1 CALL$  ,8,,JIS ;,X #HCDA3
,GUIDEL9ES = ,OLD] ,P]SONS & ,P]SONS )
,4ABILITIES--,9=M,N & ,-MUNIC,NS
,EQUIP;T1 ,S(TW>E & ,S]VICES0'4
  ,! ,,JIS ;,X #HCDA-#C1 A -PON5T (
,,JIS ;,X #HDCA1 0 EXPECT$ 6FUNC;N Z A
BASIS 65SURE ! WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y ( GOV]N;T
WEBSITES 9 ! C5TRAL & LOCAL GOV]N;TS 9
,JAPAN4 ,H["E1 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,9T]NAL
,A6AIRS & ,-MUNIC,NS F.D A WIDESPR1D
LACK ( "U/&+ (& RESPECT =! ,,JIS ;,X
#HCDA-#C AM;G ! LOCAL GOV]N;TS 9 ,JAPAN1
& 9 ,DECEMB] #BJJE FUR!R PROPOS$
,8,OP],NAL ,MODELS 6,IMPROVE
,A3ESSIBIL;Y ( ,PUBLIC ,WEBSITES0' 9
ORD] 6SUPPLE;T ! ,,JIS ;,X #HCDA-   #BJA
#C4
  ,! GUIDEL9ES & /&>DS >E M&ATORY =
N,NAL & LOCAL GOV]N;T AG5CIES & C 2
FOLL[$ ON A VOLUNT>Y BASIS 0PRIVATE
-PANIES4

                   #D'A'AC    ,KOREA
  ,KOREA HAS A ROBU/ -B9,N ( LEGISL,N1
S* Z ! #BJJG ,KOREA ,4ABIL;Y ,4CRIM9,N
,ACT1 ! ,N,NAL ,9=MATIZ,N ,ACT1 & OV]>*+
POLICY ) M&ATORY -PLI.E REQUIR$ 0PUBLIC
& PRIVATE SECTORS 9 A PHAS$ MANN]4 ,!
GOV]N;T HAS E/ABLI%$ A PROCESS ( SURVEYS
6M1SURE ! DEGREE ( -PLI.E & AW>E;S (!
GUIDEL9ES & SEE H[ F> !Y H R1*$ 9 !
ROADMAP4 ,! WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y OBLIG,NS
LAID D[N 9 ! ,KOREA ,4ABIL;Y ,4CRIM9,N
,ACT1 #BJJI >E 9T5D$ 6APPLY 6BO? !
PRIVATE & PUBLIC SECTORS GRADU,Y 0#BJAE1
Z P] ! CURR5T ROADMAP1 />T+ ) GOV]N;T
AG5CIES & SUBSIDI>IES 9 #BJJI4

                   #D'A'AD    ,DEVELOP+
    C.TRIES
  ,(! DEVELOP+ C.TRIES /UDI$1 BO? ,?AIL&
&! ,PHILIPP9ES LACK 5=C1# LAW AB WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,BO? C.TRIES H1        #BJB
H["E1 DEMON/RAT$ T PROMOT+ WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y IS A PRIOR;Y ) _! SIGN+ &
RATIFY+ (! ,,CRPD & _! V>I\S POLICY
9ITIATIVES4 ,BO? C.TRIES FEEL T DEVELOP+
9DIG5\S V].NS (! ,,WCAG IS ESS5TIAL 9 _!
/EPS T[>DS A -PLETE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
REGIME4 
  ,":AS ,?AIL& HAS ALR DEVELOP$ XS [N
V].N (! ,,WCAG1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES HAS
E/ABLI%$ A "W+ GR\P CURR5TLY 9 ! PROCESS
( DO+ ! SAME4 ,Z ^! >E BO? RELATIVELY
REC5T 9ITIATIVES1 _! ACTUAL E6ICACY
REMA9S 6BE SE54 ,^! C.TRIES W1 9 !
FUTURE1 2 CRITICAL TE/ CASES = :E!R
MODIFI$ ,,WCAG /&>DS C 9 FACT RESULT 9
SIGNIFICANTLY 9CR1S$ WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y1 OR
:E!R !Y >E EMPTY EF=TS DESIGN$ 6A6ECT !
APPE>.E ( 3=M.E ) 9T]N,NAL NORMS4
  ,9DIA HAS G5]IC LEGISL,N ON 4ABIL;Y 9
! =M (! ,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES 7,EQUAL
,OPPORTUNITIES1 ,PROTEC;N ( ,"RS @&
,FULL ,"PICIP,N7 ,ACT : 0 5ACT$ 9 #AIIE
)! OBJECTIVE ( 5SUR+ EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
= P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES & _! FULL "PICIP,N
9 N,N BUILD+4 ,"W ON CR1T+ AN OV]>*+
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICY =! C.TRY 0 9ITIAT$ 9
,JANU>Y #BJJI 0! ,DE"P;T ( ,9=M,N   #BJC
,TE*NOLOGY & IS SOON LIKELY 6-E 96E6ECT4

                                   
    #D'B    ,SUMM>Y
   
  ,-MON !MES--DEVELOP$ C.TRIES
  ,ALL ! C.TRIES /UDI$ H PUT 9 PLACE
M1SURES 65SURE WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y4 ,"S H
SPECIFIC 5=C1# LEGISL,N :ILE O!RS H
RECOMM5D,NS & GUIDEL9ES4 ,ALL C.TRIES H
"S =M (A 4ABIL;Y 4CRIM9,N ACT1 : COV]S !
ISSUE ( A3ESSIBIL;Y M BROADLY DEF9$4
,SIX (! C.TRIES /UDI$ H REGUL,NS ON WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y 9 ! =M ( LEGISL,NS1 :ILE TWO
C.TRIES H _! [N /&>DS ON WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y4
  ,:ILE MO/ (! C.TRIES H SPECIFIC
LEGISL,N P]TA9+ ONLY 6WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y1
C.TRIES L ,KOREA1 ,JAPAN1 ,G]_M & ,IREL&
H 9CLUD$ A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICIES ON O!R
ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE AL;G ) _! WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y POLICY4
  ,Z _M Z T5 (! C.TRIES /UDI$ H _!
LEGISL,NS1 POLICIES & /&>DS BAS$ ON !
,,WCAG4 ,H["E1 C.TRIES L ,JAPAN ^: N,NAL
LANGUAGE USES A DI6]5T SCRIPT &A
PHONETIC ALPHABET1 H F.D T !        #BJD
,,WCAG IS BETT] SUIT$ 6LANGUAGES UTILIZ+
,LAT9 SCRIPT & H MOV$ 6AUG;T X )
LANGUAGE SPECIFIC A3ESSIBIL;Y 3SID],NS4
  ,MO/ C.TRIES H FOCUSS$ ON HAV+
LEGISL,NS : MAKES X M&ATORY ONLY =!
GOV]N;T & RELAT$ PUBLIC SECTOR DE"P;TS
6MA9TA9 A3ESSI# WEBSITES4 ,IN ,AU/RALIA
&! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM H["E1 ANY S]VICE
PROVID] OR 9DIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZ,N CR1T+
A WEB PAGE M/ 5SURE T X IS A3ESSI#4 ,& 9
! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES X IS LIKELY ! CASE1 B
REMA9S 6BE SE51 :E!R ! ,AM]ICANS )
,4ABILITIES ,ACT APPLIES 6PRIVATE
WEBSITES4
  ,"! IS M* CASE LAW 9 S* C.TRIES D]IV+
F SU3ESS;L SUITS AG/ ORGANIZ,NS N
MA9TA9+ A3ESSI# WEBSITES4
  ,DI6];ES--DEVELOP$ C.TRIES
  ,TWO FUNDA;TAL WAYS 9 : C.TRIES0' WEB
A3ESSIBIL;Y REGIMES V>Y >E3 #A7 9 T]MS (
_! SCOPE1 T IS1 6:AT SECTORS ( SOCIETY
!Y APPLY1 & #B7 9 T]MS ( _! /R5G?1 T IS1
:E!R OR N !Y H ! =CE ( LAW4 ,! FOLL[+
GRID MAPS A FEW (! C.TRIES 9CLUD$ 9 ?
/UDY AC 6^! V>IA#S4
   
                                    #BJE
  ,PORTUGAL 9HABITS ! L[] LEFT QUADRANT
(! GRID1 Z XS REGIME HAS BO? A W1K
POLICY-TYPE &A L[ SCOPE4 ,JAPAN &! ,,EU
9HABIT ! TOP LEFT QUADRANT1 Z !Y H
-PREH5SIVE REGIMES T >E N BACK$ 0! =CE (
LAW4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,KOREA1 ,G]_M1
,ITALY L& 9 ! TOP-"R QUADRANT (! GRID1 Z
!Y EXHIBIT BO? HI<LY -PREH5SIVE & LEG,Y
5=C1# WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y REGIMES4
  ,=A FULL LI/ ( CIT,NS1 REF];ES & USE;L
RES\RCES RELAT$ 6? TOPIC1 PL1SE VISIT !
;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,POLICY ,TOOLKIT WEBSITE
7,DEVELOP+ POLICY73 ,9GHTTPCCWWW4E,+-
A3ESSIBILITYTOOLKIT4ORG_/TOOLKIT_/DEVELO
P+,++,+POLICY
   
   
   
   

           ,APP5DIX ,A3 ,A3ESSIBIL;Y
         ,POLICY ,-P>ISON ,GRID

   
3
  ,++,+,,CRIT]IA
,,BE                                #BJF
  ,++,+,,AU/RALIA
,,BE
  ,++,+,,CANADA
,,BE
  ,++,+,,G]_M
,,BE
  ,++,+,,9DIA
,,BE
  ,++,+,,IREL&
,,BE
  ,++,+,,ITALY
,,BE
  ,++,+,,JAPAN
,,BE
  ,++,+,,KOREA
,,BE
  ,++,+,,NEW ,++,+,,Z1L&
4
  ,++,+,TYPE ,++,+( ,++,+,POLICY
3
  ,LEGISL,N 26
  ,ADVISORY ,NOTES
2
  ,/&>DS
2
  ,ORD9.E
2                                   #BJG
  ,G5]IC ,LEGISL,N
2
  ,LEGISL,N 26
  ,POLICY ,DOCU;T
2
  ,LEGISL,N 26,DECREES 26,DIRECTIVES
2
  ,9DU/RIAL ,/&>D
2
  ,LEGISL,N
2
  ,GUIDEL9ES 26
  ,LEGISL,N
4
  ,++,+,E6ECTIVE ,++,+F
3
  #AIIB1 #BJJB
2
  #BJJG
2
  #BJJB
2
  #AIIE
2
  #BJJE1 #BJJB
2
  #BJJD1 #BJJE1 #BJJF               #BJH
2
  #BJJD
2
  #BJJG
2
  #BJJB1 #AIHH
4
  ,++,+,SCOPE ,++,+( ,++,+COV]AGE37ONLY
WEB OR O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE7
3
  ,G5]AL LEGISL,N ) WEB SPECIFIC
ADVISORY NOTES
2
  ,ONLY WEB
2
  ,9CLUDES REGUL,NS = WEB Z WELL Z O!R
ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE
2
  ,G5]AL LEGISL,N
2
  ,9CLUDES O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE
2
  ,9CLUDES O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE
2
  ,9CLUDES GUIDEL9ES = WEB & O!R
ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE
2                                   #BJI
  ,COV]S WEB & O!R 9FRA/RUCTURE Z WELL
2
  ,ONLY WEB
4
  ,++,+,-PLI.E ,++,+) ,++,+,,WCAG
3
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1 ,/&>DS BAS$ ON ,,WCAG #A'J
2
  ,YES1 ,ORD9.E BAS$ ON ,,WCAG
,,BE
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1
2
  ,BORR[$ "S GUIDEL9ES F ,,WCAG
,,BE
  ,YES1 ,GUIDEL9ES BAS$ ON ,,WCAG
,,BE
  ,YES1 :OLLY -PLIANT
4
  ,++,+,APPLICABIL;Y 7GOVT
WEBSITES_/ALL7
3                                   #BAJ
  ,ANY 9DIVIDUAL_/ ORGANIZ,N CR1T+ A WEB
PAGE4 7,9CLUDES ,GOV]N;T 26,PRIVATE7
2
  ,ONLY ,GOV]N;T ,DE"P;T1 ,M9I/RIES &
,AG5CIES
2
  ,AU?ORITIES ( ,F$]AL ,ADM9I/R,N
2
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  ,ONLY ,PUBLIC ,SECTOR ,WEBSITES
2
  ,PUBLIC SECTOR AG5CIES Z WELL Z
PRIVATE SUBJECTS IF !Y >E B5EFICI>IES (
PUBLIC 9=M,N OR S]VICES
2
  ,N,NAL & ,LOCAL ,GOV]N;T ,AG5CIES
2
  ,BO? PRIVATE & PUBLIC SECTOR GRADU,Y
0#BJAE Z P] ! CURR5T ROADMAP1 />T+ )
GOV]N;T AG5CIES & SUBSIDI>IES 9 #BJJI4
   
2
  ,PUBLIC ,SECTOR ,WEBSITES @& ,PUBLIC
,AG5CIES
4
  ,++,+,SIGNATORY ,++,+TO           #BAA
 ,++,+,,CRPD
3
  ,YES
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1 AL SIGN$ & RATIFI$ ,OP;NAL
PROTOCOL
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1 AL SIGN$ & RATIFI$ -,OP;NAL
PROTOCOL
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1 AL SIGN$ & RATIFI$--,OP;NAL
PROTOCOL
2
  ,YES
4
   
  ,++,+,,CRIT]IA
3
  ,++,+,,PHILIPP9ES                 #BAB
,,BE
  ,++,+,,PORTUGAL
,,BE
  ,++,+,,SW$5
,,BE
  ,++,+,,?AIL&
,,BE
  ,++,+,U4,K4
2
  ,++,+,,U4S4A4
,,BE
  ,++,+,,EU
4
  ,++,+,TYPE ,++,+( ,++,+,POLICY
3
  ,"W+ GR\P CURR5TLY =MULAT+ POLICY
2
  ,P>LIA;T>Y ,RESOLU;N
2
  ,LEGISL,N  26,N,NAL ,GUIDEL9ES
26,ORD9.ES
2
  ,POLICY 26,GUIDEL9ES
2
  ,LEGISL,N 26,GUIDEL9ES
2
  ,LEGISL,N                         #BAC
   
2
  ,C\NCIL ,RESOLU;N 26,AC;N ,PLAN
4
  ,++,+,E6ECTIVE ,++,+F
3
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  #AIII
2
  #AIII1 #BJJA1 #BJJB1 #BJJD
2
  ,N AVAILA#
2
  #AIIE1 #BJJF
2
  #AIIH
2
  #BJJB
4
  ,++,+,SCOPE ,++,+( ,++,+COV]AGE37ONLY
WEB OR O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE7
3
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  ,ONLY WEB
2                                   #BAD
  ,COV]S WEBSITES Z WELL Z BROAD T]M
,8,9=M,N ,TE*NOLOGY0'
2
  ,WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y GUIDEL9ES
2
  ,G5]AL OV]>*+ LEGISL,N1 ) SPECIFIC
GUIDEL9ES = WEB A3ESSIBIL;Y
2
  ,COV]S WEB & O!R 9FRA/RUCTURE Z WELL
2
  ,9CLUDES O!R ELECTRONIC 9FRA/RUCTURE
4
  ,++,+,-PLI.E ,++,+) ,++,+,,WCAG
3
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  ,"PLY1 BROADLY BAS$ ON SAME PR9CIPLES
2
  ,YES1 GUIDEL9ES BAS$ ON ,,WCAG
,,BE
  ,TH-,,WCAG1 ,"PI,Y -PLIANT ) ,,WCAG
#A'JS
2
  ,YES1 GUIDEL9ES BAS$ ON ,,WCAG
,,BE
  ,"PLY
2                                   #BAE
  ,YES
4
  ,++,+,APPLICABIL;Y 7GOVT
WEBSITES_/ALL7
3
  ;,N_/;,A
2
  ,G5]AL ,DIRECTORATES1 ,/ATE ,CORPOR,NS
& ,AG5CIES
2
  ,PUBLIC SECTOR IS MA9 SUBJECT1 B
PRIVATE SECTOR IS AL COV]$ 0! POLICIES4
2
  ,GUIDEL9ES T>GET$ AT BO? ! PUBLIC &
PRIVATE SECTORS
2
  ,ANY ,S]VICE ,PROVID] 7,9CLUDES
,GOV]N;T 26,PRIVATE7
2
  ,ONLY ,F$]AL ,DE"P;T & RELAT$ AG5CIES
2
  ,PUBLIC ,SECTOR ,WEBSITES (! ,MEMB]
,/ATES
4
  ,++,+,SIGNATORY ,++,+6,++,+,,CRPD
3
  ,YES1 SIGN$ & RATIFI$ 3V5;N       #BAF
2
  ,YES1 AL SIGN$ ,OP;NAL PROTOCOL
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES1 SIGN$ & RATIFI$ 3V5;N
2
  ,YES1 AL SIGN$ ,OP;NAL PROTOCOL
2
  ,YES
2
  ,YES
4
   
   
   

                        ,APP5DIX ;,B3
       ,ONL9E ,TOOLKIT ,SITE ,MAP

   
      99 ,3V5;N ON ! ,"RS ( ,P]SONS )
,4ABILITIES3 4POSI;NS COV]+ ,,ICT
A3ESSIBIL;Y
            O ,OV]VIEW (! ,3V5;N ON !
,"RS ( ,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES & XS
4POSI;NS ON ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y--     #BAG
,$IT$ 0,AXEL ,LEBLOIS1 ,EXECUTIVE
,DIRECTOR1 ;,G#C;ICT4 ,3TRIBUTOR3 ,SUSAN
,S*ORR1 ,H1D1 ,SPECIAL ,9ITIATIVES
,DIVI.N1 ,,ITU ,TELECOMMUNIC,N
,DEVELOP;T ,BUR1U 7,,BDT7
            O ,DEF9I;NS--,$IT$ 0,AXEL
,LEBLOIS1 ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR1
;,G#C;ICT4 ,3TRIBUTOR3 ,SUSAN ,S*ORR1
,H1D1 ,SPECIAL ,9ITIATIVES ,DIVI.N1
,,ITU ,TELECOMMUNIC,N ,DEVELOP;T ,BUR1U
7,,BDT7
            O ,A3ESSIBIL;Y PROVI.NS =
,/ATES ,"PIES 6! ,3V5;N--,$IT$ 0,AXEL
,LEBLOIS1 ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR1
;,G#C;ICT4 ,3TRIBUTOR3 ,SUSAN ,S*ORR1
,H1D1 ,SPECIAL ,9ITIATIVES ,DIVI.N1
,,ITU ,TELECOMMUNIC,N ,DEVELOP;T ,BUR1U
7,,BDT7
            O ,ASSESS;T FRAME"W--,$IT$
0,M>T9 ,G\LD1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL ON ,4ABIL;Y
      99 ,:O B5EFITS8 ,GLOBAL
DEMOGRAPHICS &! IMP]ATIVE = A3ESSI#
,I,C,TS--,$IT$ 0,K4  ,ANNE-,RIV]S ,=CKE1
,,IBM ,HUMAN ,ABIL;Y & ,A3ESSIBIL;Y
,C5T]4 ,3TRIBUTORS3  ,JAMES ,?UR/ON1
,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P2 ,M>T9
,G\LD1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL ON            #BAH
,4ABIL;Y2 ,&I ,SN[-,W1V]1 ,,IBM ,HUMAN
,ABIL;Y & ,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,C5T]2 ,SUSAN
,S*ORR1 ,H1D1 ,SPECIAL ,9ITIATIVES
,DIVI.N1 ,,ITU ,TELECOMMUNIC,N
,DEVELOP;T ,BUR1U 7,,BDT7
            O ,9TRODUC;N
            O ,E/ABLI%+ ,METRICS =
,DIGITAL ,9CLU.N
            O ,*ANG+ ,VIEWS ON ,4ABIL;Y
            O ,GLOBAL ,DEMOGRAPHICS--
,CAPABIL;Y V>I,NS & AGE V>I,NS
            O ,B5EFICI>Y POPUL,NS (
A3ESSI# ,,ICT
      99 ;E-,A3ESSIBIL;Y BASICS
            O ,9TRODUC;N 6;E-A3ESSIBIL;Y
BASICS--,$IT$ 0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1
,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =! ,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI
,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE ,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,A3ESSIBIL;Y &! PURPOSES (
,I,C,TS--,$IT$ 0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1
,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =! ,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI
,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE ,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,BASIC A3ESSIBIL;Y
PR9CIPLES--,$IT$ 0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1
,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =! ,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI
,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE ,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,/&>DS & GUIDEL9ES    #BAI
--,$IT$ 0,ALEX ,LI1 ,9T]N,NAL ,ORGANIZ,N
= ,/&>DIZ,N 7,,ISOGG_/ ,9T]N,NAL
,ELECTROTE*NICAL ,-MIS.N 7,,IEC7 ,JO9T
,TE*NICAL ,-MITTEE #A 7;,,JTC#A7
,SPECIAL ,"W+ ,GR\P--,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,3V5]
      99 ,TE*NOLOGY ,>1S
            O ,WIRE.S PH"OS--,ORIG9AL
0,KEV9 ,C>EY1 HUMAN,I,TY1 ,,RNIB_/,_W
,BL ,UNION4  ,$IT$ 0,AXEL ,LEBLOIS1
,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR1 ;,G#C;ICT4
,RES\RCES SELECT$ 0,B5 ,LIPP9COTT1
,9DU/RY ,REL,NS1 ,WIRE.S ,,R]C_/,GEORGIA
,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY & ,AXEL ,LEBLOIS1
;,G#C;ICT
            O ,RADIOS--,$IT$ 0,DR4
,JONA?AN ,FREEMAN1 ,,MD ;I#B M$IA RESE>*
LTD2 ,S5IOR ,LECTUR]1 ,DE"P;T (
,PSY*OLOGY ,GOLDSMI?S1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,LONDON ,NEW ,CROSS4  ,9TRODUC;N $IT$
0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =!
,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI ,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE
,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,TELEVI.N--,RES\RCES
COLLAT$ 0,TRI%A ,O,8,CONNELL1 ,,WGBH-
,%APIRO ,N,NAL ,C5T] = ,A3ESSI# ,M$IA
7,,NCAM72 ,,WGBH ,$UC,NAL ,F.D,N1
,BO/ON1 ,,MA4  ,9TRODUC;N $IT$      #BBJ
0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =!
,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI ,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE
,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,REMOTE 3SOLES--,GREGG
,V&]HEID51 ,,TRACE ,C5TRE1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,W9SCONS9-,MADISON1 ,KEV9 ,C>EY1
HUMAN,I,TY1 ,,RNIB_/,_W ,BL ,UNION & 
,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =!
,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI ,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE
,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7
            O ,L&L9E PH"OS--,$IT$
0,GUNN> ,HELL/R@OM1 ,OMNITOR
            O ,WEBSITES--,$IT$ 0,NIRMITA
,N>ASIMHAN1 ,C5TRE = ,9T]NET & ,SOCIETY1
,BANGALORE1 ,9DIA4 ,3TRIBUTOR3 ,RI*
,S*W]DTFEG]1 ,4T+UI%$ ,5G9E]1 ,,SWG
,A3ESSIBIL;Y ,>*ITECT_/,/RATEGI/1 ,,IBM
            O ,P]SONAL -PUT]S--,$IT$
0,CLAUDIO ,GIUGLIEMMA1 ,PRESID5T1
,DOM9IC ,F.D,N
            O ,S(TW>E--,RES\RCES COLLAT$
0,DAVID ,SLOAN1 ,UNIV]S;Y ( ,DUNDEE &
$IT$ 0,KEV9 ,C>EY1 HUMAN,I,TY1
,,RNIB_/,_W ,BL ,UNION4  ,9TRODUC;N
0,DR4 ,M>K ,MAG5NIS1 ,N,NAL ,C\NCIL =!
,BL ( ,IREL&--,,NCBI ,C5TRE = ,9CLUSIVE
,TE*NOLOGIES 7,,CFIT7               #BBA
            O ,ELECTRONIC KIOSKS--,$IT$
0,D@ONAL ,RICE1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9
,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4 ,C5TRE =
,4ABIL;Y ,LAW & ,POLICY1 ,,NUI-,GALWAY1
,IREL&
            O ,BROADB& S]VICES--,$IT$
0,KEV9 ,C>EY1 HUMAN,I,TY1 ,,RNIB_/,_W
,BL ,UNION
            O ,A3ESS 6PUBLI%$ "WS--,$IT$
0,NIRMITA ,N>ASIMHAN1  ,C5TRE = ,9T]NET
& ,SOCIETY1 ,BANGALORE1 ,9DIA
   
      99 ,PRODUCT DEVELOP;T & DESIGN
            O ,9TRODUC;N 6PRODUCT
DEVELOP;T & ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN--,AU?ORS3
,DR4 ,SAM ,WALL]1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE &
,PR(4 ;,P ,JOHN ,CL>KSON1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE4
,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,HU2>D1 ,S5IOR ,DESIGN
,ADVISOR1 ,PRODUCTS & ,S]VICES1 ,C5TRE =
,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA2
,D@ONAL ,RICE1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9
,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4 ,C5TRE =
,4ABIL;Y ,LAW & ,POLICY1 ,,NUI-,GALWAY1
,IREL&
            O ,:AT IS AN A3ESSI#    #BBB
PRODUCT8--,AU?ORS3 ,DR4 ,SAM ,WALL]1
,UNIV]S;Y ( ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN
,C5TRE & ,PR(4 ;,P ,JOHN ,CL>KSON1
,UNIV]S;Y ( ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN
,C5TRE4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,HU2>D1 ,S5IOR
,DESIGN ,ADVISOR1 ,PRODUCTS & ,S]VICES1
,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1
,,NDA2 ,D@ONAL ,RICE1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E
9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4 ,C5TRE =
,4ABIL;Y ,LAW & ,POLICY1 ,,NUI-,GALWAY1
,IREL&
   
            O ,US+ ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN
6IMPROVE PRODUCT A3ESSIBIL;Y--,AU?ORS3
,DR4 ,SAM ,WALL]1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE &
,PR(4 ;,P ,JOHN ,CL>KSON1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE4
,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,HU2>D1 ,S5IOR ,DESIGN
,ADVISOR1 ,PRODUCTS & ,S]VICES1 ,C5TRE =
,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA2
,D@ONAL ,RICE1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9
,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4 ,C5TRE =
,4ABIL;Y ,LAW & ,POLICY1 ,,NUI-,GALWAY1
,IREL&
            O ,3SID],NS = SPECIFY+1
9C5TIVIS+ & IMPLE;T+ ,UNIV]SAL      #BBC
,DESIGN--,AU?ORS3 ,JAMES ,HU2>D1 ,S5IOR
,DESIGN ,ADVISOR1 ,PRODUCTS & ,S]VICES1
,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1
,,NDA & ,D@ONAL ,RICE1 ,C5TRE =
,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4
,C5TRE = ,4ABIL;Y ,LAW & ,POLICY1 ,,NUI-
,GALWAY1 ,IREL&4 ,$IT$ 0,DR4 ,SAM
,WALL]1 ,UNIV]S;Y ( ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+
,DESIGN ,C5TRE & ,PR(4 ;,P ,JOHN
,CL>KSON1 ,UNIV]S;Y ( ,CAMBRIDGE1
,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE
            O ,ACTIVITIES ( /&>DS BODIES
RELEVANT 6,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN--,AU?ORS3
,JAMES ,HU2>D1 ,S5IOR ,DESIGN ,ADVISOR1
,PRODUCTS & ,S]VICES1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E
9 ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN1 ,,NDA & ,D@ONAL
,RICE1 ,C5TRE = ,EXCELL;E 9 ,UNIV]SAL
,DESIGN1 ,,NDA4 ,C5TRE = ,4ABIL;Y ,LAW &
,POLICY1 ,,NUI-,GALWAY1 ,IREL&4 ,$IT$
0,DR4 ,SAM ,WALL]1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE &
,PR(4 ;,P ,JOHN ,CL>KSON1 ,UNIV]S;Y (
,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5G9E]+ ,DESIGN ,C5TRE
            O ,HI<] $UC,N 5G9E]+
CURRICULA--,$IT$ 0,DR4 ,C>LOS ,A4
,VELASCO1 ,FRAUNH(] ,9/ITUTE = ,APPLI$
,9=M,N ,TE*NOLOGY ,,FIT ,WEB        #BBD
,-PLI.E ,C5T]
      99 ,PUBLIC PROCURE;T--,$IT$
0,CYN?IA ,D4 ,WA4ELL1 ,JURIS ,DOCTOR1
,9T]N,NAL ,C5T] = ,4ABIL;Y ,RES\RCES ON
! ,9T]NET 7,,ICDRI7 
            O ,9TRODUC;N 6PUBLIC
PROCURE;T
            O ,R,NALE = PUBLIC PROCURE;T
POLICIES 9CORPORAT+ ,,ICT A3ESSIBIL;Y
M&ATES
            O ,CORE ISSUES 9 CR1T+
E6ECTIVE PUBLIC PROCURE;T POLICIES
            O ,CASE /UDIES
            O ,PUBLIC ,PROCURE;T (
,A3ESSI# ,I,C,TS--,TRA9+ ,"W%OP
,PRES5T,N--,COMPIL$ 0,CYN?IA ,D4
,WA4ELL1 ,,ITU ,S5IOR ,A3ESSIBIL;Y
,3SULTANT1 ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR1
,9T]N,NAL ,C5T] = ,4ABIL;Y ,RES\RCES ON
! ,9T]NET1 ? TRA9+ "W%OP PRES5T,N 0
DELIV]$ AT ! 8,ASIA-,PACIFIC ,REGIONAL
,=UM ON ,MA9/R1M+ ,,ICT ,A3ESSIBIL;Y =
,P]SONS ) ,4ABILITIES10 ORGANIZ$ 0,,ITU
& ,,ESCAP 9 ,BANGKOK1 ,?AIL& 7#BE-#BG
,AUGU/ #BJJI7
      99 ,PROMOT+ ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES =
P]SONS ) 4ABILITIES                 #BBE
            O ,9TRODUC;N 6ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES--,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1
,DEPUTY ,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT>
,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4  ,$IT$
0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1 ,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y
,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,"U/&+ NE$S--,AU?OR3
,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY ,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA
--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 
,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1 ,MICROS(T
,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,SOLU;NS 6MEET NE$S--
,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY
,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1
,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,H[ ,,AT SUPPORTS $UC,N-- 
73T5T "U DEVELOP;T7
            O ,H[ ,,AT SUPPORTS 9DEP5D5T
LIV+--,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY
,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1
,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,H[ ,,AT SUPPORTS P]SONAL
MOBIL;Y--,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY
,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES     #BBF
,?UR/ON1 ,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+
,GR\P
            O ,H[ ,,AT SUPPORTS "W+--
,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY
,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1
,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,H[ ,,AT SUPPORTS -MUNIC,N
--,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1 ,DEPUTY
,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT> ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$ 0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1
,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y ,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,IMPLE;T+ ASSI/IVE
TE*NOLOGIES--,AU?OR3 ,DAVID ,BANES1
,DEPUTY ,DIRECTOR1 ,MADA--,QAT>
,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]4 ,$IT$
0,JAMES ,?UR/ON1 ,MICROS(T ,TRU/WOR?Y
,-PUT+ ,GR\P
            O ,POLICIES & PROGRAMS
PROMOT+ ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGIES--  73T5T "U
DEVELOP;T7
            O ,OP5 ,S\RCE ,S(TW>E-,BAS$
,ASSI/IVE ,TE*NOLOGIES--,3TRIBUTOR3
,F]N&O ,BOTELHO1 ,LIT]ACY ,BRIDGE @&
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