The Centre for Internet and Society
https://cis-india.org
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ITU Tutorial on Audiovisual Media Accessibility
https://cis-india.org/accessibility/itu-tutorial-event-report
<b>The fourth meeting of the ITU-T Focus Group on Audio Visual Media Accessibility (FG AVA) took place at the India International Centre, New Delhi on March 13, 2012. The meeting was held in furtherance to an invitation of the Centre for Internet & Society (CIS), in cooperation with the ITU-APT Foundation of India. A two-day tutorial on Audio-Visual Media Accessibility followed the meeting on March 14 and 15, 2012 at the same venue. A total of 20 people participated in this event.</b>
<p>Sunil Abraham, Executive Director, CIS was the Master of Ceremony on
Day 1, March 14, 2012. Mr. Ravi Shanker, Administrator, Universal
Service Obligation Fund, Dr. Govind, CEO, National Internet Exchange of
India, Ms. Swaran Lata, Director and Head of Department, TDIL Programme,
DIT, Mr. R.N. Jha, Deputy Director General (International Relations),
Department of Telecommunications and Ms. Archana Gulati, Financial
Advisor, National Disaster Management Authority gave the welcome
addresses. FG AVA chairman, Mr Peter Olaf Looms (European Broadcasting
Union and Denmark) chaired the meeting assisted by the Working Groups
coordinators.</p>
<p>The event provided an in-depth insight of topics and measures to
improve the accessibility of AV media: Captioning (pre-prepared and
live), Audio/Video Description and spoken captions, visual signing and
sign language, emergency access services with examples referred from
digital broadcast television and mobile telephony media. The
participants gained a better understanding of:</p>
<ul><li>How to Get started – that is, the strategies for establishing and
expanding new accessibility services (how it can be done, what it costs,
what business models exist to ensure the viability of accessibility
services);</li><li>How standards can help developing countries plan and implement the
transition from analogue to digital TV (what issues need to be
addressed to optimize the Digital Dividend; making sure that various
groups of vulnerable viewers are not disenfranchised by the digital
switchover); </li><li>Human resource development for improved usability and
accessibility (closely tied to work being done by the Audiovisual Media
Accessibility Focus Group’s Working Parties).</li></ul>
<p>Regulators and legislators working on measures to improve digital
media’s compliance with international accessibility conventions and
directives; accessibility service advocates from organizations
representing persons with disabilities; media executives from public
service and commercial TV channels seeking compliance with media
accessibility regulation; consumer electronics manufacturers,
wholesalers and retailers examining the business implications of
demographic changes and media regulation participated in the meeting.</p>
<p>Peter Olaf Looms, Chairman, ITU-T, FG AVA made a <a class="external-link" href="http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/5B/T065B0000130000PDFE.pdf">presentation on Introduction to the Tutorials</a>
covering topics like what does this tutorial cover, what will I be able
to do, focus on action, target groups, the rational of accessible media
who needs them, what can be done to improve television accessibility,
etc.</p>
<p>Dr. Takebumi Itagaki made a <a class="external-link" href="http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/5B/T065B0000130004PDFE.pdf">presentation on Producing and delivering access services – the options</a>
covering topics like the current situation in EU, chain of power /
funding public broadcasting in EU, analogue to digital switchover,
activity 9 TV standards and regulation, etc.</p>
<p>Mr. AK Bhatnagar, Engineer-in-Chief, Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India) also participated in this event.</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ava/Pages/meetings-past.aspx">Click</a> for the meeting report on ITU website.<a class="external-link" href="http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/accessibility/201203/Pages/draft-programme.aspx"><br />
Click</a> for the agenda of the meeting on ITU website.<br />Download the list of participants <a href="https://cis-india.org/accessibility/itu-participant-list.xls" class="internal-link" title="ITU Participants List">here</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cis-india.org/accessibility/itu-participant-list.xls" class="internal-link" title="ITU Participants List"><strong>VIDEOS</strong><br /></a></p>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLygXQA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYLygXQA" style="display:none"></embed>
<hr />
VIDEOS
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLygXQA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYLygXQA" style="display:none"></embed>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYL41jIA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYL41jIA" style="display:none"></embed>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYL41kMA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYL41kMA" style="display:none"></embed>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYL52G8A.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYL52G8A" style="display:none"></embed>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYL52jkA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYL52jkA" style="display:none"></embed>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/accessibility/itu-tutorial-event-report'>https://cis-india.org/accessibility/itu-tutorial-event-report</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaVideoAccessibility2012-07-03T08:53:04ZBlog EntryIs the govt caught in the 'censorship' web?
https://cis-india.org/news/www-ndtv-com-we-the-people-aug-26-2012-is-the-govt-caught-in-the-censorship-web
<b>NDTV aired a one-hour debate on censorship in "We the People" episode hosted by Barkha Dutt on August 26, 2012. Pranesh Prakash participated in the discussions as a speaker.</b>
<p>Pranesh Prakash responded to Barkha Dutt's question on what does a government do in a time of social unrest:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">"I think in a time of social unrest there is leeway provided in laws for the government to take action. The law existing and the law allowing for it is a very different matter from the government actually making use of it. There are as shown in the United Kingdom, much better ways of combating situations of riots. As we have seen in India for instance, there are people who provoke riots from podiums yet don't get arrested and as we have seen in the UK, there are people who take part in riots and have been punished a great deal."</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Video</b></p>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/-0f0_yG2gVE" width="320"></iframe></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">See the <a class="external-link" href="http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/we-the-people/is-the-govt-caught-in-the-censorship-web/244248">full debate</a> on NDTV</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/www-ndtv-com-we-the-people-aug-26-2012-is-the-govt-caught-in-the-censorship-web'>https://cis-india.org/news/www-ndtv-com-we-the-people-aug-26-2012-is-the-govt-caught-in-the-censorship-web</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaSocial mediaFreedom of Speech and ExpressionPublic AccountabilityInternet GovernanceVideoCensorship2012-09-04T06:54:25ZNews ItemInterview with Pranesh Prakash
https://cis-india.org/news/livemint-november-30-2012-video-interview-with-pranesh-prakash
<b>Pranesh Prakash of the Centre for Internet and Society talks to Mint’s Surabhi Agarwal about the controversial Section 66A of the IT Act and the government’s decision to tweak it. </b>
<hr />
<p>This video was <a class="external-link" href="http://origin-www.livemint.com/Multimedia/NXN6HB1L1UOLFyI8mwXUEJ/Video--Interview-with-Pranesh-Prakash.html">published in LiveMint </a>on November 30, 2012:</p>
<hr />
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/TqDX3Y0jFhc" width="420"></iframe></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/livemint-november-30-2012-video-interview-with-pranesh-prakash'>https://cis-india.org/news/livemint-november-30-2012-video-interview-with-pranesh-prakash</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaSocial MediaFreedom of Speech and ExpressionInternet GovernanceVideoCensorshipInformation Technology2012-11-30T06:58:39ZNews ItemInternet Governance Plenary
https://cis-india.org/news/conference-apnic-net-aug-28-2012-internet-governance-plenary
<b>Sunil Abraham was a panelist along with Ang Peng Hwa, Paul Wilson, Duangthip Chomprang and Raul Echeberria at this event organised by APNIC on August 28, 2012. Kuo Wei Wu, CEO, National Information Infrastructure Enterprise Promotion Association (NIIEPA) was the moderator.</b>
<h2>Theme: What mechanism works better to resolve the issues?</h2>
<h3>Objectives:</h3>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> To discuss relevant Internet Governance Forum (IGF) related issues for the APNIC community.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Update APNIC Members about the IGF process, including recent national and regional IGF initiatives, such as the APrIGF 2012 in Tokyo, Japan.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Prepare for the seventh Annual IGF Meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan from 6-9 November 2012.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Panelists</h3>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/speakers#ang_peng_hwa">Ang Peng Hwa</a>, Director of Singapore internet Research Centre (SiRC) <a href="http://conference.apnic.net/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/50770/aph-apnic-internet-governance-presentation_1346128770.pdf">Presentation Slides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/speakers#paul_wilson">Paul Wilson</a>, Director General, APNIC and <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/content/article/114-preparatory-process/941-mag-2012">MAG</a> Member, IGF</li>
<li><a href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/speakers#sunil_abraham">Sunil Abraham</a>, Executive Director, Centre for Internet Society, India</li>
<li><a href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/speakers#duangthip_chomprang">Duangthip Chomprang</a>, Regional Affairs Manager, Internet Society</li>
<li><a href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/speakers#ra%C3%BAl_echeberr%C3%ADa">Raúl Echeberría</a>, Executive Director/CEO, LACNIC and <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/content/article/114-preparatory-process/941-mag-2012">MAG</a> Member, IGF</li>
</ol>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><a class="external-link" href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/inet-gov-plenary/transcript">Click</a> to read the Transcript</li>
<li><a class="external-link" href="http://conference.apnic.net/34/program/inet-gov-plenary/video">Watch</a> the full video </li>
</ul>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/conference-apnic-net-aug-28-2012-internet-governance-plenary'>https://cis-india.org/news/conference-apnic-net-aug-28-2012-internet-governance-plenary</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaVideoInternet Governance2012-10-01T14:14:07ZNews ItemInternet At Liberty 2012
https://cis-india.org/news/internet-liberty-2012
<b>Activists and experts from all over the world came together for this event organised by Google on May 23 and 24, 2012 to explore free expression in the digital age.</b>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Internet.jpg/@@images/dc9d1698-03d0-4d2e-bdba-be0f3a5ccb51.jpeg" alt="Internet" class="image-inline" title="Internet" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Sunil Abraham was a speaker in Plenary IV Debate 3: In a world where nearly nine out of ten Internet users are not American, what is the responsibility of United States institutions in promoting internet freedom? Cynthia Wong, Mohamed El Dahshan, Dunja Mijatović and Judy Woodruff were the other speakers in this panel. See the video below:</p>
<hr />
<h3>Video</h3>
<p><strong>Internet at Liberty 2012: Plenary IV - Sunil Abraham, Cynthia Wong, Mohamed El Dahshan and Dunja Mijatović</strong></p>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/9YMte4hdYu0" width="320"></iframe></p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YMte4hdYu0">View the video on YouTube</a></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/internet-liberty-2012'>https://cis-india.org/news/internet-liberty-2012</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaFreedom of Speech and ExpressionVideoInternet Governance2012-07-05T05:24:33ZNews ItemInstitute on Internet & Society: Event Report
https://cis-india.org/telecom/knowledge-repository-on-internet-access/institute-on-internet-and-society-event-report
<b>The Institute on Internet and Society organized by the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) with grant supported by the Ford Foundation took place from June 8 to 14, 2013 at the Golden Palms Resort in Bangalore.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A total of 20 participants spent the seven days in a residential institute, learning about the fundamental technologies of the Internet and topics on which CIS has expertise on such as Accessibility, Openness, Privacy, Digital Natives and Internet Governance.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The participants belonged to various stakeholder groups and it provided a common forum (first of its kind in India) to discuss and share ideas. Twenty-four expert speakers from various domains came to share their knowledge and speak about their work, so as to encourage activity in the field and supply resources from which participants could learn to increase their accessibility, range and funding possibilities, as well as network with the speakers and amongst themselves.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Institute has triggered a number of follow-up events — those that the participants organized themselves with the help of CIS staff, including Crypto Parties in Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai, that taught netizens to keep their online communication private. In addition to that, the CIS Access2Knowledge (A2K) team could rope in eight new Wikipedians who will contribute to Wikipedia in Indic languages.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The day wise talks and activities that took place are listed below:</p>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Day 1: June 8, 2013</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The seven day residential Institute began on Saturday, the 8th of June with a warm welcome by Dr. Ravina Aggarwal and Dr. Nirmita Narasimhan. They outlined the purpose of the residential institute and briefly went over the topics which would get covered over the week long duration. This was followed by each of the participants introducing themselves briefly and also stating their expectations from the Institute, why they were attending the same and what they hope to get at the end.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<h3>Session 1: History of the Internet</h3>
<p>(by Pranesh Prakash and Bernadette Längle)</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Pranesh.png/@@images/539b71f7-111a-4700-a90b-17cbdb5589bc.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Prakash" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Above is a picture of Pranesh Prakash <br />speaking about the History of the Internet during <br />the first session on Day 1.</em></p>
</td>
<td>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Institute proceedings kicked off with the first session, <strong>History of the Internet</strong> by Pranesh Prakash and Bernadette Längle. Participants learned where the Internet originally came from and how it is organized, as well as different technologies surrounding the Internet. Pranesh Prakash and Bernadette Längle set the start point of the Internet in the late 50's when the Russians send the first satellite in space (Sputnik) and the US founded the DARPA(<em>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</em>), a research agency that was tasked with creating new technologies for military use. DARPA is credited with development of many technologies which have had a major effect on the world, including computer networking, as well as NLS, which was both the first hypertext system, and an important precursor to the contemporary ubiquitous graphical user interface (GUI). A few years later the first four computers were connected to a network.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After the Network Control Protocol (NCP, later replaced by the TCP/IP) was invented in 1970, the first applications were made: email (connecting people), telnet (connecting computers) and the file transport protocol (FTP) (connecting information) — all of these are still in use today. Participants were surprised to learn that the Web, most commonly used today, known to be invented by one single person in the 90's, actually existed for a long time prior to the '90s.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/p4iFqDnhNZI" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 2: Domestic Bodies and Mechanisms</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Pranesh Prakash)<br />After lunch, Pranesh Prakash led the second session about Domestic Bodies and Mechanisms and he started with some of the problems associated with the Domestic Regulatory Bodies:</p>
<ol>
<li>Lack of coherence and consistency in Internet related policies</li>
<li>Rather than co-operating, the different agencies compete with each other.</li>
<li>Communication with the public is of different degrees and openness of different agencies varies.</li></ol>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY), is one of the most important public agencies & the CERT-in focuses on issues like malware and content regulation. There is also the STQC (Standard Setting and Quality Setting Body).</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The work of these organizations is to govern the Internet, bring about better privacy policies and ensure freedom of speech.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Other governing bodies include DOT (Department of Telecommunications) which governs the telecom and internet policies of India. In India, certain content regulation takes place under a notification as part of the IT Act, 2003.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) also looks into the tariff, interconnections and quality of telecom sector, spectrum regulation and so on.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The USOF (Universal Service Obligation Fund) seeks to provide funds for setting up telecom services in rural areas.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) has been extending copyright restrictions to online publications.</li></ul>
<h3> VIDEO<br /></h3>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/e0VlI12fODE" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3>Session 3: Emerging trends in Internet usage in India</h3>
<p>(by Nandini C and Vir Kamal Chopra)<br /><strong>Emerging Trends in Internet Usage with specific focus on BSNL offerings</strong> (by Vir Kamal Chopra)<br />Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">In 1995, the VSNL provided internet in 4 metros of India, by 1998 DOT had provided internet in 42 cities.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Some of the facilities internet provides include Tele-education, Tele-medicine, mobile banking, payment of bills via mobile internet, etc.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> BSNL has got maximum broadband market share in India.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Present Scenario, there are 900 million mobiles in India, 430 million wireless connections with capability to access data.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> The total broadband connections are 15 million in country, 10 million provided by BSNL.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Total internet users are 120 million with a growth rate of 30%.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Public access is not only about network intermediaries but about info-mediaries who understand internet.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> BSNL lost Rs 18,000 crores from 3G license.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> 2G to 3G shifting is not seamless and leads to lot of packet loss, and 3G coverage is not as extensive as 2G. Thus 3G is not efficient however; the government has made a lot of money from selling 3G licenses.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Future trends include technology trends for internet access, optical fiber technologies, fiber to the curb, fibre to the home, metro Ethernet, etc. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Internet has created an online Public sphere.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> In 2000 Parliament passed the Information Technology Act 2000 and the dot.com boom is seen.</li></ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Making internet access meaningful in the Indian Context</strong> (by Nandini.C) <br />(<a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/womens-access-to-the-internet">Click to see the presentation slides</a>)<br />Some of the salient points discussed were: <br /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Status of internet access today sees low level of overall penetration of internet, high rate of household mobile penetration and huge rural-urban divide in internet access.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Relationship b/w women and internet in India</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> 8.4% of women in India have access to internet in India and 43% of women using internet in India perceived it as being an important part of their life.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Some area of concerns include ensuring adequate access of internet for the women, entrenched patriarchies, contextual relevance, the imaginary of ‘public access’.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The importance of an existing strong social support network, ITC itself cannot open up economic/social empowerment opportunities for women</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> ICT-enabled micro-enterprises may also force the burden of double work on women, who undertake both productive activities for the micro-enterprise and re/productive activities for the household.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> The Internet today has created an online public sphere.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Countering the threat of online violence.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Censorship and content regulation.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Women’s rights and the spaces of internet governance.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Arbitrary censorship and self-regulation by the corporate and slide towards an illusory freedom; state is used as a bogeyman by corporate to create an online culture that is suitable to the corporate values.</li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<p><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CUaGZh5nNR4" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe></p>
<p><strong><br /></strong></p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Activity</strong><br />Day 1 featured an interesting activity called the Creative Handshake. The goal of the game was to teach the participants the concept of "Handshake" in Internet terms and why it is important to make sure that integrity of data transferred is maintained.</div>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Day 2: June 9, 2013</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The focus of the second day was more on the nuts and bolts behind the working of the Internet by Dr. Nadeem Akhtar, Wireless Technologies and a case-study in Air Jaldi by Michael Ginguld, Collaborative Knowledge base building by Vishnu Vardhan and Affordable Devices on the Internet by Ravikiran Annaswamy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The salient points of each of the talks are listed below.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 1: How Internet Works</h3>
<p>(by Nadeem Akhtar)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/how-internet-works">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<ul>
<li>Internet structure and hierarchy:<br />
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Data Networks comprise of set of nodes, connected by transmission links, for exchange of data between nodes. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Some of the key principles which underpin data networks include digital transmission, multiplexing and data forwarding/routing.</li></ol>
</li>
<li>Data networks through ownership include public and private networks.</li>
<li>Data networks through coverage include local area networks (small area), metro area networks (may comprise of a city) and wide area networks (wide geographic area across cities).</li>
<li>Protocols include:<br />
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Open systems interconnection (OSI) model divides a communication system into smaller parts. Each part is referred to as a layer. Similar communication functions are grouped into logical layers.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">OSI model defines the different stages that data must go through to travel from one device to another over a network & this enables a modular approach towards developing complex system functionality i.e. functionality at layer X does not depend on how layer Y is implemented.</li></ol>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Nadeem.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Nadeem Akhtar" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Above is a picture of Dr. Nadeem Akhtar speaking on the working of the internet on Day 2</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<li>Internet networks or connections.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Internet backbone refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and core routers on the internet and these data routes are hosted by commercial, government, academic and other high-capacity network centers, the internet exchange points and network access points. The internet back bone is decentralized.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Transit Service - Passing information from small ISP to large ISP.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Peering Service - The passing of information between two similar ISP’s os similar size to let network traffic pass.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Three levels of network Tier1, Tier2 and Tier 3. TATA Company is the only Tier 1 Indian Company.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Backhaul- Transport Links which connects access edge networks with the ‘core’ network. The transmitters have to be mounted on a high level. </li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/8skb7ykF9jI" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3>Session 2: Wireless Technologies</h3>
<p>(by Michael Ginguld)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://prezi.com/tjaiatxtz1ch/walking-on-the-wireless-side/">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<ul>
<li>We are surrounded by electromagnetic radiation</li>
<li>All about transmission waves and there are both advantages and disadvantages of the same:<br />
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Pros: higher reach for lower price, overcomes topographic challenges, lower maintenance, less to damage/lose</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Cons: limited resources, maintenance (energy), physical limitations to transfer rates.</li></ol>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Satellite/VSAT is a very small aperture tech: a small satellite dish that connects to a geo-static satellite.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Strength: globally usable, can connect from anywhere.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Weakness: signal problems, relatively high installation charge, upstream connection is lower than the downstream, transmitter on satellite is extremely expensive, hence limitation on transmission capacity of the satellite.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> VSATs are not scalable. It is a dead-end tech for usages where data transmission volume is expected to grow.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> 2G Technology for mobile connection.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Limitation in transfer of data, due to technology and encryption limitations but great availability and reasonable price.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">3G Technology has a problem in India; low uptake, leading to low investment, leading to low speed, leading to low uptake. The technology allows for high-speed data transfer but the market condition in India still does not make adequate infrastructural support feasible.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">4G license auction.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">A company bought the country-wide 4G license in the auction. Mukesh Ambani bought the company after some days.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The present legislation does not allow for VoIP-based Telco operation but that is expected to change soon.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Wifi technology is wireless technology. It is low cost wireless transfer of data. The Public dissemination of the ranges in which data transfer using the WiFi protocol can take place. It was made public in India in January 2005.<br />
<ol>
<li>Limitations: needs line of sight, limit to data transfer.</li>
<li>Strength: cheap, de-licensed spectrum usage, easily deployable. </li></ol>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> 2G spectrum, 3G spectrum and now 4G spectrum all are part of the wireless technology.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Air Jaldi started in Dharamshala; building wifi connection spanning campuses.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Three types of consumer categories: (1) no coverage, (2) under-served, and (3) ‘deserving clients’. #2 is the most common group. #3 are people who should be served but cannot pay fully for the service, hence are cross-subsidised by group #2.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Deployed and managed by local staff, trained by AirJaldi.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Customer premise equipment: Rs. 3-4k.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> User charges: Rs 975 per month for 512 kbps, Rs 1500 per month for 1 mbps.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Content: by and large, AirJaldi brings infrastructure on which content can ride on, teams with various content providers (like e-learning, rural BPOs, local e-banking etc) for the content side. The biggest drivers are local BPO, banking and retail. The next big driver coming up is entertainment.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> WiMax includes 4g spectrum. </li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/btd4MqOSRe0" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 3: Building Knowledge Bases and Platform via Mass Collaboration on the Internet</h3>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Building_Knowledge_Bases_and_Platforms_via_Mass_Collaboration_on_the_Internet.pdf">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">
<p>The session started off with some physical activity in the form of "Kasa Kasa Warte, Chan Chan Warte" to break off the lunch induced sleep and a mental activity where the participants were divided into two groups and both the groups were asked to collect information on "Water". One group was left to itself while the other had some expert inputs from Vishnu Vardhan on how to collaborate and organize the data. After the activity, both teams presented the information that they had collected on "Water".</p>
<p>The benefits of collaborative authoring such as "everyone's voice is heard", "various inputs leading to a multi-dimensional thinking" etc were evident as against a single dimensional thought process that was seen from the group that was un-assisted.</p>
</td>
<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Participant.png/@@images/0bd8de0e-6e85-4100-80c7-070dd046fabf.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Participants" /><br /><em>Given above is a picture of the participants involved in a group activity</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Salient points discussed during the presentation:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Concept of Knowledge today is not something of modern phenomena, but it is something which has been existent since print culture was developed. Print technology shapes what we consider as knowledge, and hence as knowledge platform </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Techno-sociality of knowledge production</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Concept of Knowledge today is not something of modern phenomena, but it is something which has been existent since print culture was developed. Print technology shapes what we consider as knowledge, and hence as knowledge platform </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Techno-sociality of knowledge production<br />Examples of knowledge platforms:<br />
<ol>
<li>Baidu baike </li>
<li> English wikipedia </li>
<li> Hudong </li>
<li>Catawiki </li>
<li>Wikieducator </li>
<li>Open street map </li>
<li>Pad.ma </li>
<li> Sahapedia </li>
<li> Internet archive </li>
<li> Jstor </li>
<li> Dsal </li>
<li> Dli</li></ol>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> In 1994 Cunningham developed the ‘Wiki Wiki Web’ also known as the ‘Ward Wiki’. Basically it is a knowledge platform.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Internet since then has been used for dissemination of information especially in the education sector. Digital Archived have developed over the years which provide information across various platforms like Wikipedia.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> The spread of the internet has made possible the building of knowledge bases by seamless and mass collaboration. </li></ul>
<p><strong> Generic challenges for Wikipedia</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Quality, relevance, consistency of knowledge </li>
<li>Suitable motivation of the contributors</li>
<li>Another issue is the scalability</li></ul>
<p>Some of the problems faced by Indian Wikipedian pages:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Technical infrastructure for Indian languages </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Typing in the regional language </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">OCR: complexity of Indian language scripts</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Various other technical troubles like browser compatibility, font display, etc., which deter new users</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Dearth of quality content available in digital format</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Different standards/formats/generations (gov.in/DLI)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Relative lack of research/academic standards, which is transferred on to Indic wikipedias. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Lack of knowledge sharing culture.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Building a mass knowledge platform is the need of the hour.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The platform should be user friendly, easily available and adoptable; offline outreach is key to effective use of online platforms.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The programme should have feedback loop key, behavior statistics data, reinvent and replicate the programme, multi-channel awareness, ‘user connect’ programmes.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The people should communicate knowledge sharing objectives, make knowledge sharing fun, appoint ambassadors; virtual volunteer community building looks simple but its complex and leads to failure.</li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/2cM7CZ2hMeg" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3>Session: 4 Affordable Devices to access the Internet</h3>
<p>(by Ravikiran Annaswamy)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/MeetMobileInternet.pdf">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Ravikiran.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Ravikiran Annaswamy" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the speaker Ravikiran Annaswamy giving a demo of the low cost Akash tablet</em>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Overview of Affordable Mobile Phones such as Lava Iris, Karbonn A1, Nokia Asha, etc.</li>
<li>Overview of Affordable Tablets such as Aakash, Ubislate, Karbonn Smart A34, etc.</li>
<li> The number of Internet users in India is expected to nearly triple from 125 million in 2011 to 330 million by 2016, says a report by Boston Consulting Group.</li>
<li> How Internet Penetration impacts society.</li>
<li> Demo of the devices.</li>
<li> Need for Mobile Internet</li>
<li> Sugata Mitra & Arvind Eye Care examples.</li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/TUcbcFaX-v4" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<hr />
<h2>Day 3: June 10, 2013</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The third day of the Institute focussed on Wired means of accessing the Internet, the technology involved followed by an assignment time where the participants were introduced to 2 topics and asked to work on an assignment. This was followed by a site visit in the afternoon to MapUnity. <strong>MapUnity</strong> develops technology to tackle social problems and development challenges. Their GIS, MIS and mobile technologies are used mostly by government departments and civil society organisations and in the R&D initiatives of commercial ventures.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 1: Wired Access Technology</h3>
<p>(by Dr. Nadeem Akhtar)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/wired-access-nadeem-akhtar">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<p>Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<p><strong>Wired and Wireless</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Wired:</p>
<ul>
<li>Separate communication channel for each users</li>
<li> Low signal attenuation</li>
<li> No interference</li>
<li> Fixed point-of-attachment</li></ul>
<p>Wireless:</p>
<ul>
<li> Shared medium of communication</li>
<li> Signal is attenuated by a number of factors</li>
<li> Interference between adjacent channels</li>
<li> Points-of-attachment can be changed on-the-fly</li></ul>
<p>Ethernet:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> A family of computer networking technologies for LANs which was Invented in 1973 and commercially introduced in 1980. The systems communicating over ethernet divide a stream o data into individual packets called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses and error-checking data so that damaged data can be detected and re-transmitted.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Ethernet, by definition, is a broadcast protocol</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Any signal can be received by all hosts</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Switching enables individual hosts to communicate</li></ul>
<p>Digital subscriber line (DSL):</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> DSL uses existing telephone lines to transport data to internet subscribers and the term xDSL is used to refer to a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL technologies which includes ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. DSL service is delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service on the same telephone line and this is possible because DSL uses higher frequency bands for data.</li></ul>
<p>Asymmetric DSL (ADSL):</p>
<ul>
<li> ADSL is the most commonly installed technology and an ADSL tech can provide maximum downstream speeds of up to 8 mbps.</li></ul>
<p>Modem and router:</p>
<ul>
<li> Modem is specific to a technology</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Modem is de/modulator, it takes bits coming from one protocol/technology, demodulates it (converts it into original data), and re-modulated the original data to another protocol/technology.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Router allows creation of a local area network, allowing multiple devices to connect to the network and access internet together through the router. It has very high bitrate DSL (VDSL) and goes up to 52 mbps downstream and 16 mbps upstream. The length of the physical connection is limited to 300 meters and the second generation VDSL (CDSL2) provides data rates up to 100 mbps simultaneously in both direction, but maximum available bit rate is still achieved about 300 meters.</li></ul>
<p>Cable:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Cable broadband uses existing CATV infrastructure to provide high-access internet access; uses channels specifically reserved for data transfer</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Support simultaneous access to broadband and TV programs</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Cable access tech is built for one-way transmission; hence some congestion takes place for bi-way data transfer, leading to much lower upstream connection relative to downstream connection for data.</li></ul>
<p>Fiber:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> It is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber; fiber to the neighborhood; fiber to the curb; the street cabinet is much closer to the user’s premises, typically within 300m, thus allowing ethernet or radio-based connection to the final users; fiber to the basement; fiber to the home (BSNL already providing); fiber to the desktop</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Passive optical networks (PON)</li></ul>
<p>Advantages of fiber:</p>
<ul>
<li> Immunity to electromagnetic interference.</li>
<li> Provides very high data rates at long distances.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> When network links run over several 1000s of meters (e.g., metro area networks), fiber significantly outperforms copper.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Replacing at least part of these links with fiber shortens the remaining copper segments and allows them to run much faster.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> The data rate of a fiber link is typically limited by the terminal equipment rather than the fiber itself.</li></ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Assignment</strong><br />Participants were given two options for an assignment to work on in the coming days and they could choose either one.</p>
<p>Assignment A<br />The Universal Service Obligation Fund of India has put out a Call for Proposals under two schemes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mobile Connectivity and ICT related livelihood skills for womens’ SHGs (<a href="http://www.usof.gov.in/usof-cms/pdf21may/Concept_Paper.pdf%29">http://www.usof.gov.in/usof-cms/pdf21may/Concept_Paper.pdf)</a>, and</li></ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Access to ICTs and ICT enabled services for persons with disabilities in rural India. (<a href="http://www.usof.gov.in/usof-cms/usofsub/Concept%20paper_USOF%20Scheme_PwDs_A.G.Gulati.pdf">http://www.usof.gov.in/usof-cms/usofsub/Concept%20paper_USOF%20Scheme_PwDs_A.G.Gulati.pdf</a>)</li></ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Your NGO is committed to the task of facilitating access to the Internet for women/ persons with disabilities in rural parts of Kerala and wishes to submit a proposal/ project idea in partnership with a service provider to the USOF.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Assignment B<strong><br />You</strong> are a member of the ancient tribe of Meithis residing in Manipur. Over the years, there is a strong feeling in your community that although the Government has rolled out projects to connect the rural areas throughout India, these have not been successful for your tribe and there is still even a lack of basic fixed telephony, let alone mobile and broadband services. You have hence come to the conclusion that there is a need for focused efforts to target such communities as yours and have decided to submit a concept note to the USOF requesting that ‘ethnic and rural tribal communities’ be specifically included within the mandate of the USOF’s activities by defining them as an ‘underserved community’.</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Raveena.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Participants in Discussion" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the participants engaged in a discussion.</em> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Field Trip - Destination: MapUnity.</strong> <strong><br />MapUnity</strong> develops technology to tackle social problems and development challenges. Their GIS, MIS and mobile technologies are used mostly by government departments and civil society organisations, and in the R&D initiatives of commercial ventures. MapUnity presented their product offerings to the participants.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYOT%2BQwA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYOT+QwA" style="display:none"></embed>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Day 4: June 11, 2013</h2>
<h3>Session 1: Universal Access</h3>
<p>(by Archana Gulati)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/UniversalServiceConceptsandPractices_Archana.G.Gulati.pdf">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Archana.png/@@images/a1f18756-20b4-4732-b032-502b59078819.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Archana" /><br /><br />
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Given above is a picture of Archana Gulati speaking on Universal Access</em>.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tuesday revolved around questions of access and openness. The day kicked off with Archana Gulati, a policy expert in access to ICTs for people with disabilities talking on <strong>Universal Access</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ms. Gulati stressed the importance of ICTs for social development. ICTs are a necessary aid in development structures including education, health and increased citizen participation in national affairs & they provide crucial knowledge inputs into productive activities. However, even with the Telecom boom, there still exists an access gap in India, which cannot be covered by commercially viable systems.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This 'actual access gap' exists because of geographic (scattered population, low income, low perceived utility of service, lack of commercial/industrial customers, lack of roads, power, difficult terrain, insurgency), economic (urban poor) and social inequality (gender, disabilities) differences. To achieve Universal Access or Universal Service, additional efforts must be made, so as to include these groups. However, Universal Access and Universal Service, while they may imply the same thing, are very different approaches to deal with the problematic access gap.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Universal service, a term coined by Theodore Vail, president of AT&T in 1906, argued that the government should enforce the usage of only one network. This approach suggests a monopolization of the market and goes against the liberal market principle.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Universal access on the other hand suggests cross-subsidizing the low and no profit service areas by high profit service areas. However, this results in the urban population to get over-charged while the rich rural areas benefit from rural subsidizing.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">So how do we enable a fair and inexpensive network to be able to create access for a large number of people equally? <br />Ms. Archana Gulati went on to introduce the Sanchar Shakti scheme as a contribution to national access in India. It was initiated with the objective of improving rural SHG access skills, knowledge, financial services and markets through mobile connections and involved several stakeholders like NABARD, handset/modem manufacturers, DoT USOF, Mobile VAS Providers, Lead NGOs, Mobile Service Providers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This scheme shows how important is, for the commercial, private and public sector to work together on obtaining accessibility to ITCs.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 2: Free and Open Internet</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Pranesh Prakash) <br />The following session by Pranesh Prakash on <strong>Free and Open Internet</strong> showed how the internet can still be a restrictive place which does not allow for internet equality. His talk focussed on the concepts of free and open Internet. Prakash started by stating the Freedom of Speech and Expression Article of the Indian Constitution and in an interactive round it was discussed, how these articles are fundamental for securing other basic human rights. This was demonstrated by an example in which the distribution of food did not proceed equally, as misinformation and restrictions led to an inappropriate hoarding of goods. Therefore, it is important for everyone to have that right. In fact, the Indian constitution formulates Article 19 in a positive way, implying not only everyone should have that right, but that the government must promote the upholding of these rights.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">However, in the case of Article 66a, the law actually caused a problem with freedom of speech in itself, as it penalizes sending false and offensive messages through communication services. This is a massive impediment on free speech, as outsiders decide upon what is offensive and what is false.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The other side of freedom of speech and expression is censorship. Online, the removal of websites and editing of content often happens quietly and obscures the fact that someone or something is being censored. Unlike book burnings in the past, which were always made a big political spectacle, often websites are simply removed without a trace, or one is faced with a 404 error, when trying to access it. Because of the offensive content law, journals and magazines are quick to remove supposedly offensive content, as it seems more difficult to engage in argument with the people claiming offense. The CIS proposed a counter-law to secure for this to happen less, as freedom of speech includes the freedom to receive that speech.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/SGxYxLEA8OY" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 3: Openness</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Sunil Abraham)</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Next to ensuring freedom of speech and access, the third session of the day focussed on Openness in terms of Open Source software. Sunil Abraham, CIS executive director, stated the importance of free software and open access of data, as they ensure what he called the four freedoms of internet usage, namely the freedom to use for any purpose, the freedom to study, to modify and to share (freely or for a fee). Proprietary software imposes on these freedoms, as it only has restrictive use and a strong copyright. However, there are alternatives that have moderate copyrights, or so-called copy centred perspectives, or even copyleft, including the above mentioned rights into the terms of the software usage.</p>
</td>
<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/copy_of_Sunil.png/@@images/92ac30ac-90da-4fcd-a0b2-0469aa2ecc75.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Sunil Abraham" /><br /><br /><em>Above is a picture of Sunil Abraham speaking on Openness</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In alignment with Sunil Abraham’s talk Pranesh Prakash criticized copyright law cutting into accessibility rights, as copyright infringements include translation into other languages, audio versions and also integral parts of education. The key is not to have a "one size fits all" copyright solution, as it is impossible to treat twitter content the same as a blockbuster movie. However, the government of India is doing exactly that and needs to interlink questions of access with copyright law.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/vqv7qai5c-s" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 4: Open Content</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Prof. Subbiah Arunachalam)<br />Prof. Subbiah Arunachalam, who led the next session, discussed <strong>Open Content</strong>. He had seen during the course of his experience India's poor performance in Science & Technology and outlined the reasons for the same. The lack of access to information essential in scientific research and knowledge production, he said, was the major limiting cause.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/BFJyUTNzYvE" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 5: Quick Talk on Copyright Law and Access</h3>
<p>This short session dealt with implications of copyright law on internet access.</p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Activity</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The participants were divided into two groups, and they were asked build as huge a network as possible with their personal belongings and present their creations. The participants had good ideas. One group placed their mobiles and laptops into the network to have them as nodes. The other group implemented the re-routing around censorship.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/nSLy1eRAndQ" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Network.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Networking" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the participants in an activity making the longest network possible with their personal belongings</em>.<br /><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Day 5: (June 12, 2013)</h2>
<h3>Session 1: Privacy on the Internet in India</h3>
<p>(by Sunil Abraham and Elonnai Hickok)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/privacy-on-the-internet-by-elonnai">Click to view the presentation slides</a></p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Elonnai.png" title="Elonnai" height="211" width="317" alt="" class="image-inline" /></p>
<p></p>
<p> <em>Given above is a picture of Elonnai Hickock speaking about privacy</em></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;">
<p>The following day, June 12th started off with “Privacy” as the theme. The session Privacy on the Internet in India was led by CIS privacy experts Sunil Abraham and Elonnai Hickock.</p>
<p>In an exchange of anecdotes, it was made clear how there needs to be a certain degree of state surveillance to secure the citizens safety.</p>
<p>This can happen through off air interception and active or passive cell phone towers that can track mobile devices.</p>
<p>However, encryption is an important tool to secure one’s own privacy against cyber espionage.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<ul>
<li> Off-the Air Interception</li>
<li> Possible to set up active or passive cell phone tower. </li>
<li> The signal strength will be strong and everyone looks for it.</li>
<li> Capacity to identify itself as a service provider. </li>
<li> Interception can begin with encryption Technology today used by security agencies.</li>
<li> NTRO- national technical Research Org and Outlook </li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/PQWi9hHHSpc" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3>Session 2: E-Accessibility</h3>
<p>(by Nirmita Narasimhan)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/eAccessibility.pdf">Click to view the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/copy_of_Eaccessibility.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="E-accessibility" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of Dr. Nirmita Narasimhan speaking on e-accessibility</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="invisible">
<tbody>
<tr></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The second<strong> </strong>session was on<strong> “E-Accessibility” </strong>led by Dr. Nirmita Narasimhan<strong>. </strong>Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li> Problems arising out of disability</li>
<li> Accessibility-Infrastructure and ICT</li>
<li> Assistive technologies for PWD’s.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Reasonable accommodation (not available or cannot be and requires extra effort and putting up an accessible copy up) and universal Design (for both for PWD’s and non-PWD’s).</li>
<li> Web Content Accessibility is operable and easily understandable. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Accessibility standards include; Daisy (6 types of books including audio and text books) is all about marking up the documents. Really a good way to read but is expensive and time consuming, also need Daisy tools and player to make it work.</li>
<li> In 1808 the first typewriter was developed to help the blind.</li>
<li> Considerations involved in Web Accessibility </li>
<li> Overlap b/w mobile accessibility and web accessibility.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Example- Raku Raku phone captured 60% of market share in Japan. It has many assistive features.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Relay Services has a middle man who passes on the message b/w different PWD’s in many countries, but it is not yet available in India.</li>
<li> PWD’s communicating with customer care – the issues involved. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Accessibility Policy- very few people are adopting accessible technologies. There is a need to have a strong policy. U.K. and U.S. already have strong policies related to accessible and assistive technology for PWD’s.</li></ul>
<p> <strong> Video</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/vI8mixgTgCM" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3>Session 3: International Bodies and Mechanisms</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Tulika Pandey and Gaurab Raj Upadhyay)<br /><strong>Activity</strong><br />Gaurab incorporated an <strong>Activity</strong> into his talk to enable the students to have a clearer understanding of International Bodies and Mechanisms.</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Gaurab.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Gaurab" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the speaker Gaurab Raj Upadhaya explaining the International Bodies and Mechanisms</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p>Some of the salient points discussed during his talk were:</p>
<ul>
<li> Definition: “Internet Governance is the development and application by Govt., the private sector and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures and programmes which shape the evolution and use of internet.”</li>
<li>It should be multilateral, transparent and democratic</li>
<li> Enhanced cooperation means to enable govt…</li></ul>
<p>Technical issues to keep in mind while talking about internet:<br /></p>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li> Critical internet resources</li>
<li>Root server locations </li>
<li> Open Standards (CIS leads the initiative) </li>
<li> Interoperability </li>
<li> Search Engines </li>
<li> Internationalized Domain names (in own script & language) </li>
<li> Content</li></ol>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Virtual yet real space and most important question to be understood is that whether, the governance of internet is possible?</li>
<li> Public Policy- to monitor cross-border data flow, Openness vs Privacy</li>
<li> India’s Outlook in internet policies-Pillars of Internet which is not fully addressed by the Indian government today. </li>
<li> Established an Inter- Ministerial Group by including various government departments into the arena.</li>
<li> Layer 0-7 Names and Numbers</li>
<li> Layer 8 and above</li>
<li> Applications and Usage </li>
<li> Legal business, policy, etc.</li></ul>
<h3>Session-4: E-Governance</h3>
<p>(by Tulika Pandey and Sunil Abraham)</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
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<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Tulika.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Tulika" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the speaker Tulika Pandey speaking about e-Governance</em> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Making policies in India is difficult because the population is huge and implementation at rural level is difficult.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Bombarded by Techno utopians- who believe in technology’s ability to change lives.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Techno determinants- Corruption solved through technology through open government data. More technology is better, the most sophisticated ones are the best are gross misconceptions.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> Bhoomi project tried to deal with corruption at village level. Important policy change made all paper work illegal and digitized the land records etc. every action and request will be logged. But this led to creation of new corruption. Bribes were taken even before data was logged!</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> UID Project (Cobra Post Scam) around 20 public sector and 30 private banks were involved in money laundering scams. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> People who design the systems in Delhi prepare sub-contracts<strong>.</strong></li></ul>
<p><strong> </strong>VIDEO</p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Le3b-kka5Hs" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<hr />
<h2>Day 6: (June 13, 2013)</h2>
<h3>Session 1: Critical Perspectives of the Internet</h3>
<p>(by Dr. Nishant Shah)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/critical-perspectives-of-internet-society-dr-nishant-shah">Click to view the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">The sixth day of the Institute kicked off with Nishant Shah, director of research at CIS, looking into Critical Perspectives of the Internet. Nishant made a very important distinction between the internet as infrastructure and as social network constructing alternative universes. Nonetheless it was important to stress that technology should not be alienated in the process of this separation but seen as an integral part of it, as the digital is as much part of reality as any other technology and has become essential as a technology of change that it brings about not only in scientific but also in social development. Quoting Michel Foucault, Shah argued that technology becomes influential when it changes life, labour and language, which is why research in the field should involve critical ways of thinking about body, space and community.</td>
<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Nishant.png/@@images/836aa919-b1aa-4e61-86d2-2e4a6e5fc62f.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Nishant Shah" /><br /><br /> <em>Above is a picture of Dr. Nishant Shah speaking on Critical Perspectives of the Internet.</em> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The body perception can be perceived through the way bodily agencies change through technology. Technology does not necessarily taint or corrupt the body, but can also be a way to escape its confines. To put it to a point, we are all born into technology and cannot free ourselves from them, as for example pregnancy already starts with nutritional supplements, regulatory diets and exercise and essentially ends with birth technologies that do not necessarily involve only the digital - we must remember, speech is one of the oldest technologies available today.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/HAnwjxLGA-g" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 2: Strategies for Policy Intervention</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Chakshu Roy)<br />The second session on “Strategies for Policy Intervention” was led by Chakshu Roy. This session dealt with various ways in which policy intervention can be made and the various factors necessary to successfully engage in policy forums.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/B-tiOPu6WaU" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 3: Profile of Internet Service Providers</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Satyen Gupta)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/profile-of-isps-by-satyen-gupta">Click to view the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
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<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/SatyenGupta.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Satyen Gupta" /></th>
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<td><em>Given above is a picture of Satyen Gupta speaking about Internet Service Providers</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Satyen Gupta during his talk on “Profile of Internet Service Providers” discussed the nature, offerings and profile of various ISPs in India, their market share and dynamics.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The salient points discussed were:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">National Broadband Plans</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Spectrum Issues “Management”</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Reality check of Indian ISPs</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Broadband Definition & Penetration</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Roadblocks for Broadband in India, Governments Role, Regulation</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Institutional Framework for the Indian Telecom</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Broadband Access in India- Technology-Neutrality</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Satellite based DTH Services offer alternate for the Broadband via Receive Only Internet Service (ROIS)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Broadband using DTH for Receive-only Internet</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">VSAT has the potential for significant impact on Broadband Penetration in Remote Areas</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Fixed Wireless Access- an important access technology</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Facilitating Radio Spectrum for Broadband Access</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Fiscal measures to reduce the cost of access devices, infrastructure and broadband service</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Reduction in the cost of connectivity</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) -National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) has been set up on recommendation of TRAI by DIT, Government of India to ensure that Internet traffic, originating and destined for India, should be routed within India.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Emerging Broadband Services</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Broadband Commission for Digital Development (BCDD)-UN Targets for Universal Broadband,2015</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">NOFN India-Existing Fiber Infrastructure and Coverage by Various Service Providers</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">National Telecom Policy (NTP) 2012- Salient Features</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">State of Internet Services and ISPs in India:<br />
<ol>
<li>India’s Ranking on Key Broadband Indicators</li>
<li>Regulator’s Report – Growth of Internet in India</li>
<li>Internet Subscribers Base & Market share of top 10 ISPs</li>
<li>Technology trends for Internet/Broadband Access</li>
<li>Internet/broadband Subscribers for top 10 states</li>
<li>Tariff Plans for USO funded Broadband</li>
<li>Contribution of Telcos in Development of Internet Services</li>
<li>Incumbent’s Role in Growth of Broadband</li>
<li>Plugging rural missing link- BBNL</li></ol>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Internet Subscribers Base & Market share of top 10 ISPs</li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/DOSeo-ASOQ8" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 4: Competition in the Market by Helani Galpaya</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Helani Galpaya during her talk on “Competition in the Market” discussed about what competition meant, <em>Herfindahl–Hirschman</em> Index to measure how competitive a market is, what are the dangers of monopoly markets and the landscape of the Telecom market in India.</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Helani.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Helani" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Above is a picture of Helani Galpaya speaking about Competition in the Market</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Day 7: (June 14, 2013)</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The final day of the Institute focussed on how the Internet can be used to effect change on society – Activism was the theme.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 1: Leveraging Internet for activism</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Ananth Guruswamy)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/LeveragingInternetforActivism.pdf">Click to read the presentation slides</a></p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/AnanthGuruswamy.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Ananth Guruswamy" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Above is a picture of Ananth Guruswamy speaking during the session on leveraging internet for activism</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Some of the salient points discussed were:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Digital Activism</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Target Omar Abdullah. It is about an act called Administrative detention Act. One can be detained without act i.e. The Preventive Detention Act. He directly responded to the threat.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Twitter seems to be a place where the political leaders are actually accessible. This kind of access was not possible in day to day life earlier if one was a common man. This phenomenon is developing. Even in Corporate setup writing a mail directly to the CEO seems possible. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Strengths: Wide reach, Freedom of speech, Data collection is made easy, Issues can be tackled swiftly, Global communities, singular identities have lot of power. Eg: 190 Million people stood up against Poverty; this kind of mobilization impossible without internet.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Besides local issues even Global issues are addressed an collection of funds becomes easy. Onion.com once a struggling publication in U.S., but now with a global audience it is thriving and it has a healthy reader base today. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Earth Hour helps people connect across space and time.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Weakness: More popularity, more attention; Traditional/Real Protest has become rare and a threat; There is no real action beyond internet, threat of movement is low, there is no real commitment involved in digital activism and just one click is enough to make one ‘feel good’.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Opportunities: Recruitment of protestors for real protests. Diff. b/w real and virtual blurred; anything that affects the mind space is real. The intersection is interesting.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Threats: Total removal of privacy, Government intervention in private issues and there could be misinterpretation of people’s thoughts by certain people.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Traditional vs Digital activism: Traditional fails to provide results whereas clicking a button is as easy as wearing a badge.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Facebook activism: ‘Like Buttons’, People moving away from reading emails, a shift towards use of facebook; creates a sense of belongingness which the traditional activism failed to achieve.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">India against Corruption: used mobile phone effectively.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Social Media has changed the way protests happen globally and in India, one example is Twitter. Change.org is a website which gives freedom to anybody to start a petition without any external source; Awaaz.org another such petition website.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Green Peace launched a Green peace X which was a runaway success. YouTube is another platform for the masses. People today are more interested in watching rather than reading.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Pakistan in 2007: “Flash protests”; Free Fraizan Movement on Twitter.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Something to keep in mind regarding while launching a campaign online is to think who the audience is and what we want them to do and how will the campaign help our objectives?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">How to measure success of a social media campaign?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Reach</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Engagement- likes, tweets, comments, etc.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Influence</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Attrition Score</li></ul>
<p> <strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/PXZE7y1qxlo" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Session 2: Internet Access Activism</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by Parminder Jeet Singh)<br />The next session on “INTERNET ACCESS” ACTIVISM by Parminder Jeet Singh dealt with how people can contribute to initiatives for improving internet access amongst masses.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/_zyM3_OiUxM" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p></p>
<h3>Session 3: Ensuring Access to the Internet</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(by A.K. Bhargava)<br /><a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository/BBNLiis.pdf">Click to view the presentation</a><br />The last session on “Ensuring Access to the Internet” by A.K. Bhargava discussed strategies to enhance access to the Internet in India with special focus on National Optical Fibre Network.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The salient points discussed were:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">- Role of Broadband in Nation Building<br />- Policy Aspiration of Broadband - How do we meet aspiration?<br />- Telecom Network Layers‐Gaps in OFC Reach<br />- BBNL Interconnection<br />- NOFN - Bridging The Gap<br />- Digital Knowledge Centres (DKCs)<br />- Architecture of BBNL<br />- NOFN Impact</p>
<ol>
<li>Societal<br />
<ul>
<li>Bridging the digital divide</li></ul>
</li>
<li>Business<br />
<ul>
<li>Job creation, indigenous industry growth</li></ul>
</li>
<li>Sectoral<br />
<ul>
<li>Improved connectivity, data growth</li></ul>
</li>
<li>Technological<br />
<ul>
<li>Differentiators</li></ul>
<p><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/4X3WSn1u3WM" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe>
</li></ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Speaker Presentation Slides</strong><br />All the presentation aids/slide shows barring a few have been uploaded to the website at <a class="external-link" href="http://internet-institute.in/repository">http://internet-institute.in/repository</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Presentation of Assignments</strong><br />The participants presented their assignments which were given to them to work on the 3rd day. The participants were presented with Wikipedia T-Shirts as a token of appreciation.</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Assignments.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Assignments" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is a picture of the participants presenting their assignments</em> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Participant Feedback</strong><br />All participants were asked to fill a "Session Feedback Form" for each of the sessions and also an "Overall Feedback Form". They were also constantly encouraged to come up with suggestions and inputs on how to make the Institute more interesting.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The key findings from the <strong>Quantitative Feedback</strong> provided are:<br />(The figures below are averaged scores (out of 5) provided by participants in the Overall Feedback Forms)</p>
<table class="plain">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>S.No.</th>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Score (Out of 5)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Relevance of Content</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<td style="text-align: justify;">2</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Comprehensiveness of Content</td>
<td>3.44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Easy to Understand</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Well Paced</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Sufficient Breaks</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Duration of Talks</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>Mix between Learning & Activities</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The key findings from the <strong>Qualitative Feedback</strong> provided are:</p>
<table class="plain">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>S.No.</th>
<th>Points observed</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Presentations</strong> – Participants felt sessions with accompanying slides/aids were most helpful. Some felt that accompanying notes could also be useful for future reference.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Use of Examples/Case Studies</strong> – Participants felt concepts can be better assimilated if case-studies/examples are used. Some also felt that for the technological advancements discussed, it would have been better had the social/economic impact of the same was discussed too.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Implementation Gaps</strong>– One participant, who is working at the field level in Kolkata had a specific thing to say about the talk about BSNL and its offerings– Although BSNL has so many options available on paper to connect to the Internet, common service centres in West Bengal are mostly run on Tata Indicom’s network even though the board outside says “BSNL” etc. She felt that the reality is far different from what exists on paper.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><strong>Interactive sessions</strong> were most appreciated than speaker led sessions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;">There were many responses to the question “<strong>How will you apply this new information in the future</strong>” and it is very encouraging. People have given thought to contributing to Wikipedia in their mother tongue, take the knowledge to the field work that they are associated with, continue with their research, change their Internet connections, to help file RTIs, to adopt more open source software, sharing with students, advocacy efforts, etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>The responses to the question “<strong>What did you learn from the session/workshop that was new?</strong>” elicited more responses for the following sessions<br />
<ol>
<li>Domestic Bodies and Mechanisms</li>
<li>Case-studies such as Air Jaldi</li>
<li>Low cost devices in India</li>
<li>USOF</li>
<li>Free & Open Internet</li>
<li>Copyright laws</li>
<li>Privacy</li>
<li>Accessibility</li>
<li>Digital Natives</li>
<li>ISPs</li></ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Field Trip</strong> – One participant said “<em>One or two of the persons from MapUnity could have made the presentation at the institute venue itself. A visit to an underserved or un-served community with interactions with the people there could also have given a good understanding of on-ground challenges and needs.”</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Follow-up Session</strong> –One participant had ideas about having a follow-up session “<em>A follow-up call [webinar?] after 6 months to see if any of these concepts were useful would be an interesting exercise to take up”</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><strong>Assignment – </strong>Participants felt that the assignments were good but they needed more time to work on the same.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Other Feedback:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>The food and the facilities were enjoyed and appreciated by all.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The remote location of the Golden Palms Resort was a concern for most of the participants.</li></ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Participation Certificates</strong><br />Participation Certificates (template shown below) have been mailed to all the participants in the third week of July 2013.</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Certificate.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Certificate of Participation" /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Given above is the certificate declaring the successful completion of the event</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Institute Expenses</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A total of Rs. 19, 91,889 (Rupees nineteen lakhs ninety one thousand eight hundred and eighty nine only) was spent towards organizing and conducting the Internet Institute. A breakup of the Institute Expenditures is given below:</p>
<table class="vertical listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>S.No.</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Type of Expense</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Description</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Total</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Venue – Golden Palms Resort</td>
<td>Accommodation for participants, speakers and food</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">12,91,176</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Travel</td>
<td>Cost of Air tickets</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">2,94,515</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Local Travel</td>
<td>Airport Pickup/Drop, Local City Travel</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1,41,001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Gifts & Printing</td>
<td>Gifts for speakers and ad hoc document printing charges</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">24,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Infrastructure</td>
<td>Telephony, Audio, Video, Stage</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1,05,000</td>
</tr>
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<td>6</td>
<td>Participant Bags</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">10,650</td>
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<td>7</td>
<td>Reimbursements</td>
<td>Reimbursements to participants and speakers</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1,25,547</td>
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<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"><strong>Total Expenses</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">19,91,889</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">What the participants had to say</h3>
<blockquote class="quoted">Sangh Priya Rahul – “<em>One of my organisation's work is more or less related to empowerment of rural areas so knowledge about USOF will be useful there</em><em>.” </em>(On USOF)</blockquote>
<blockquote style="text-align: justify;" class="quoted">Rashmi. M – “<em>Makes me more sensitized towards the disabled people.”</em> (On e-Accessibility)</blockquote>
<blockquote style="text-align: justify;" class="quoted">Preethi Ayyaluswamy – “<em>Would help me in strategically planning for an online campaign” </em>(On digital activism).</blockquote>
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<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Conclusion</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Institute was highly engaging and enabled the participants to explore the various facets of Internet & Society. As was evident from the feedback forms, participants had given thought to contributing to Wikipedia in their mother tongue, take the knowledge to the field work that they are associated with, continue with their research, change their Internet connections, help file RTIs, adopt more open source software, sharing with students, advocacy efforts etc. There was a very high level of expertise amongst speakers at the Institute which was apparent from the participatory discussions and a lot of insightful perspectives were brought forth. There was a common consensus amongst all participants that inclusive growth across all dimensions would take efforts from all stakeholders.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">We hope to learn from the findings of this Institute and work towards a better second Institute.</p>
<table class="listing">
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<th><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/GroupPhoto.png" alt="" class="image-inline" title="Group Photo of Participants" /></th>
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<td><em>Above is a group picture of all the participants and the organizers</em></td>
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</table>
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<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/telecom/knowledge-repository-on-internet-access/institute-on-internet-and-society-event-report'>https://cis-india.org/telecom/knowledge-repository-on-internet-access/institute-on-internet-and-society-event-report</a>
</p>
No publishersrividyaVideoInternet StudiesFeaturedHomepage2013-10-15T06:48:00ZBlog EntryGujarat Wikipedia Education Program: Rajkot
https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/gujarati-wikipedia-education-program-rajkot
<b>This report analyses a series of meetings and workshops held in Rajkot, a city in Gujarat, India during the month of October 2012.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">I visited Gujarat for a few Wikipedia activities – including Wikipedia meets in the cities of Ahmedabad and Rajkot, interacted with students and teachers from various colleges as well as to successfully conclude the <a href="http://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રચાર-પ્રસાર">Gujarati Wikipedia article writing competition</a>.</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">I visited Rajkot on October 17, 2012 with two Wikipedians – Harsh Kothari and Konarak Ratnakar, both from Ahmedabad. We were scheduled to take up a small introductory lecture on contributing to Wikipedia at Christ College, Rajkot in the afternoon and meet up with other Gujarati Wikipedians from Rajkot and Junagadh later in the day. Fortunately, I was able to connect with Rashmikant Makwana, a teacher at TGS (The Galaxy School) in Rajkot. I had first met up with him during the photo walk – Wiki takes Ahmedabad in January 2012. He had shown a great deal of interest in doing something for his school students. Thanks to Mr. Makwana's prompt response and support, we visited three branches of <a href="http://www.tges.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=77">TGES (The Galaxy Education System)</a> and had the opportunity of interacting with over 100 students from secondary and higher secondary divisions.</p>
<h3 align="JUSTIFY">Interactions with TGES students</h3>
<p align="JUSTIFY">I got to read Mr. Makwana's email only after I reached Rajkot. He wrote that he spoke to a couple of teachers about our visit and their students were very eager to meet us as they had many questions about Wikipedia! I was pleasantly surprised because once we met these students (mostly 11<sup>th</sup> standard, English medium students) we realized they had already tried their hand at editing and even creating articles! So, they had far more advanced queries like how to verify information on Wikipedia, what is the authenticity of information there, questions on notability and so on. Next, we were taken to the <i>vadi branch </i>of the education group. These were children from fifth and sixth standards and who also had questions and better ones about stories of vandalism they had committed on Wikipedia! We told them how Wikipedia was one of the best ways of telling people about their culture, identities, city and language. Besides students, we also met teachers who taught Gujarati, History and Geography.</p>
<h3 align="JUSTIFY">Interactions with Christ College students</h3>
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<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/GujaratiWikipedian.png/@@images/6d7409d5-a94e-49f6-9172-6508f80d72ba.png" title="Gujarati Wikipedian" height="208" width="156" alt="Gujarati Wikipedian" class="image-inline" /></p>
<p><i>Wikipedians giving lecture</i>.</p>
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<p><a href="http://www.christcollegerajkot.edu.in/">Christ College</a> offers a variety of graduate courses. We were connected with their faculty, Mr. Rushabh, by Umesh Joshi from the Open Page publication in Rajkot.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">I am thankful to both of them for their support in gathering their MBA students! Harsh Kothari, a Gujarati Wikipedian presented on how one can contribute to Gujarati Wikipedia while Konarak helped them in a live editing session. One question that everyone asked us was – WHY do people edit Wikipedia?</p>
<p>So, we called upon Jitendrasinh Chauhan, a long-term Gujarati Wikipedian. He came up and spoke to them on how he discovered Gujarati Wikipedia and has not only gained in terms of knowledge but also friendships that he has made with fellow editors across the state and overseas! We also explained the importance of learning correct ways of editing to these students who might pursue public relations as their professions.</p>
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<h3 align="JUSTIFY">Meeting Wikipedians</h3>
<p align="JUSTIFY">The trip to Rajkot, apart from meeting a whole bunch of new people, was also about connecting offline with Gujarati Wikipedians. Their warmth and day long support in terms of logistics, context and guidance kept us enthused. I extend my gratitude to Jitendrasinh Chauhan and his friend Harsh, both Wikipedians for their help. They have also helped us establish a dialog with Saurashtra University where we hope to plan a two-day conference centered around Gujarati language and digitization.</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY"><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/GUWPvisual.png" alt="Gujarati Wikipedia Participants" class="image-inline" title="Gujarati Wikipedia Participants" /><br /><i>Given here is a network visualization infographic highlighting the key points</i>.</p>
<hr />
<h3 align="JUSTIFY">Videos</h3>
<p><b>Gujarati Wikipedia workshop at Christ college - 1</b></p>
<p><b><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/_jhc-Ymy5k4" width="300"></iframe></b></p>
<p><b>Gujarati Wikipedia workshop at Christ College - 2</b></p>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Jb6AF89STZU" width="300"></iframe></p>
<p><b>Write about your city on Gujarati Wikipedia </b></p>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/YJu2-gOHjaI" width="300"></iframe></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/gujarati-wikipedia-education-program-rajkot'>https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/gujarati-wikipedia-education-program-rajkot</a>
</p>
No publishernoopurAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaWorkshopVideoOpenness2012-10-31T08:17:56ZBlog EntryGoogle Hangout with Ashoka Fellow Sunil Abraham
https://cis-india.org/news/google-hangout-with-sunil
<b>Sunil Abraham, an Ashoka Fellow from India, visited the DC Office and shared his work on public accountability, access, and learning at the intersection of internet and society.</b>
<h3>Watch the video below</h3>
<p> <iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/QprvyCtY1DU" frameborder="0" height="315" width="320"></iframe></p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QprvyCtY1DU">Click</a> to see the original from YouTube.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/google-hangout-with-sunil'>https://cis-india.org/news/google-hangout-with-sunil</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaVideoInternet Governance2012-06-20T09:16:33ZNews ItemGandhi, Freedom, and the Dilemmas of Copyright
https://cis-india.org/a2k/gandhi-freedom-and-copyright
<b>To commemorate Mahatma Gandhi's death anniversary, the Centre for Internet and Society cordially invites you to a talk by Prof. Shyamkrishna Balganesh of the University of Pennsylvania on Gandhi, Freedom, and the Dilemmas of Copyright on 30 January 2012 at 6.00 p.m.
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<p>When the copyright on Rabindranath Tagore's writings were to expire, his estate sought (and got) an extension in copyright term. But when the copyright on Mahatma Gandhi's writings were to expire, the trustees did not seek such an extension, in deference to Gandhi's views on copyright. On the cover of the first English edition of the Hind Swaraj, it states: "No Rights Reserved". Was Gandhi a Wikipedian at heart, and a prophet who foresaw the 'copyright wars' and had his own visions of how far free culture and free knowledge activism could and could not go?</p>
<h3>Description<br /></h3>
<p>Central to modern discussions of copyright law is the conflict between copyright’s role as a market-based mechanism of cultural production and its detrimental effects on access to knowledge, free speech, and cultural creativity. So divisive is this debate in the world of copyright law today that some have characterized it as the ongoing “copyright wars”. In January 2009, when copyright in all of Gandhi’s works expired, to the absolute surprise of many, the Navjivan Trust,to whom Gandhi had transferred the copyright in his works, chose not to seek a statutory extension of copyright.</p>
<p>The Trust’s firm decision rested in large part on Gandhi’s unease with copyright law, and his reluctant acceptance of its benefits. Gandhi’s opinions on copyright law reveal a rather concerted attempt to grapple with the innumerable public and private trade-offs that are central to the institution, which are today seen as the very basis of the copyright wars. Much like Gandhi’s views on other issues, they reveal a pragmatism, nuance, and creative engagement, which likely emanate from Gandhi’s training as a lawyer. Instead of simplistically rejecting the institution in its entirety, Gandhi saw copyright law for what it is—an important social compromise—and sought to engage with it in a way that tracked his beliefs on other issues.<br /><br />This talk will argue that the nuances of Gandhi’s engagement with copyright law hold important lessons for thinking about copyright law in society, and for managing its complex trade-offs. Gandhi’s thinking on the topic anticipated many of the modern dilemmas about the structure and function of copyright law--such as the role of exclusivity, the importance of control and integrity, and the costs and benefits of licensing revenues. And while Gandhi may not have had a clear (or unambiguously correct) solution to any of them, he almost certainly asked the right questions.</p>
<h3>About the Speaker</h3>
<p>Shyam Balganesh’s scholarship focuses on understanding how intellectual property and innovation policy can benefit from the use of ideas, concepts and structures from different areas of the common law. His most recent work tries to understand copyright law’s pre-requisite of “copying” for liability, as a mechanism of pluralistic decision-making that allows it to incorporate both utilitarian and rightsbased considerations into its functioning.</p>
<p>Balganesh received his J.D. from the Yale Law School, where he was an Articles and Essays Editor of the Yale Law Journal and a Student Fellow at the Information Society Project (ISP). Prior to that he spent two years as a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College, Oxford, and received a B.C.L. and an M.Phil in Law from Oxford University.</p>
<p>His recent publications include: ‘“Hot News’: The Enduring Myth of Property in News,” 111 Columbia Law Review 419 (2011); “The Pragmatic Incrementalism of Common Law Intellectual Property,” 63 Vanderbilt Law Review 1543 (2010); and “Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives,” 122 Harvard Law Review 1569 (2009), among others. He is also currently editing a collection of scholarly essays on the topic of intellectual property and the common law, scheduled to be published by the Cambridge University Press in 2012.</p>
<p><strong>VIDEO</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLshX8A.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed style="display:none" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYLshX8A" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/gandhi-freedom-and-copyright'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/gandhi-freedom-and-copyright</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaEvent TypeVideoCopyrightAccess to Knowledge2012-04-28T04:11:01ZEventFuel Gilt Conference 2016
https://cis-india.org/openness/news/fuel-gilt-conference-2016
<b>Fuel Gilt Conference 2016 was organized by the Fuel Project is being held in New Delhi on September 24 and 25, 2016. This is the fourth conference in series. Subhashish Panigrahi made a presentation at this event.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Technical and other interface strings that fall under the ambit of FUEL are actually a subset of several other localization projects. They can also be used for bettering the corpus of machine translation. And there is a need for collaboration between communities and institutions -- both free and open source, and the proprietary ones -- to help grow their corpus. More and more collaborations in place will help the volunteer localizers even more as the localization suggestions will increase drastically with partnerships are more. Two existing such partnerships could be Pontoon by Mozilla and Content Translation by the Wikimedia Foundation. When the former shows localized strings from memory as suggestion and even include translations by proprietary organizations like Microsoft, the latter helps Wikipedians create Wikipedia articles faster by translation suggestions sourced from the corpus of Apertium and Yandex. Bettering collaboration needs strengthening two major aspects; a) growing professional and mutual bonding with other communities/organizations that are there in the same domain, and b) creating technical infrastructure to address the aforementioned pluralism. In my talk, I will detail about my own experience and best practices from working with several communities beyond borders and lessons learned from from my own work and the work of many others. A larger discussion with other colleagues at the Conference will hopefully shape into creating a manual or a few Open Educational Resources of some kind to help the future localization leaders. For more info, <a class="external-link" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Presentation_by_Subhashish_Panigrahi_at_the_FUEL_GILT_Conference_2016,_New_Delhi.webm#.7B.7Bint:filedesc.7D.7D">click here</a>.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Video</h3>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eJfnWodVvlo" width="500"></iframe></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/news/fuel-gilt-conference-2016'>https://cis-india.org/openness/news/fuel-gilt-conference-2016</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaVideoOpennessOpen Source2016-09-25T03:27:38ZNews ItemFree Arduino Workshop (For Beginners)
https://cis-india.org/openness/free-arduino-workshop
<b>The Centre for Internet & Society, Bangalore invites you to a hands-on-free Arduino workshop in its office on 3 March 2012. The workshop will be held from 11.00 a.m. to 3 p.m.</b>
<h2>What is Arduino?</h2>
<p>Arduino, an Italian name meaning "strong friend", is a popular "open-source electronics prototyping platform based around a microcontroller. It accepts inputs, such as signals from sensors (light, temperature, moisture, etc.) or data from the Internet or wireless devices, and sends output signals to devices, such as LEDS, motors, speakers, MIDI sequencers, computers, and so on."</p>
<p>In simpler terms: It is a ready-to-use creative platform, designed to provide interactivity between humans, smartphones, PCs, sensors and the physical world. It is especially a boon for creative people who don't have a technical background and want to translate their wildest techno-ideas to reality in a snap.</p>
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<p><a class="external-link" href="http://goo.gl/YrflS">A comic by Jody Culkin, introducing Arduino</a></p>
<h2>What can Arduino Do?</h2>
<p>Applications of Arduino could include anything under the sun, from making your LED lights glow in reaction to the weather to interactive punching bags: your imagination is the limit (besides the sensors).</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://goo.gl/lF1s8">Check what some folk did with a bunch of cameras for an amazing music video all in one day</a></p>
<p>For other examples, <a class="external-link" href="http://goo.gl/tkvJz">check out the Boing Boing listing</a></p>
<h2>Who can Attend?</h2>
<p>The workshop is especially meant for interaction designers, artists or anyone else enthusiastic to get started with creative projects and don't have prior experience with electronics, interfacing and all that hack talk. It would help to have a general understanding of instructional programming languages, but this shouldn't be a problem for starts as you will pick it up as we go along. Besides, we are super-friendly and patient folk who will assist participants to demystify geek code.</p>
<h2>Apply Now</h2>
<p>We have only 20 seats for this free workshop. Participants will work in groups of two. The workshop will last 4 hours, over a lunch break. All materials will be provided, and it would be great if you could get your laptop. </p>
<p>To apply please send a brief intro about yourself and why you think you will benefit from this to yelena@cis-india.org. Selected participants will be notified shortly.</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://goo.gl/2DM2j">A map, showing the location of CIS</a></p>
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<p><a class="external-link" href="http://goo.gl/2DM2j"><strong>VIDEOS</strong><br /></a></p>
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<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLwqQUA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed style="display:none" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYLwqQUA" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed>
<iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLxohcA.html?p=1" frameborder="0" height="250" width="250"></iframe><embed style="display:none" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#AYLxohcA" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/free-arduino-workshop'>https://cis-india.org/openness/free-arduino-workshop</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessEvent TypeWorkshopVideo2012-04-28T04:07:50ZEventFrancis Bags EPT Award for Open Access in Developing World
https://cis-india.org/openness/francis-wins-ept-award
<b>The Electronic Publishing Trust recently announced a new annual award to be made to individuals working in developed countries who have made significant contribution for the cause of open access and free exchange of research findings. There were 30 nominations from 17 countries around the world and Dr. Francis Jayakanth from the National Centre of Science Information, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore was selected for the inaugural EPT Award for Open Access in the Developing World by a committee that went through all the nominations. </b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The award function organised by the Electronic Publishing Trust for Development and the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS), Bangalore was held at the Sambasivan Auditorium, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) in Chennai on 14 February 2012. Leading luminaries such as Prof. M.S. Swaminathan, Prof. Subbiah Arunachalam, Prof. G Baskaran and Prof. K Mangala Sunder participated in the award felicitation ceremony.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Giving the welcome speech, Prof. Arunachalam, distinguished fellow at CIS said that Dr. Jayakanth works for the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, has trained many students and helped a number of institutes to set up open access repositories. Prof. Arunachalam added that the event is being celebrated in India as the winner is from India and specified that it is being held at the MS Swaminathan Foundation as this was the institution that hosted the first workshop to promote open access. Prof. Swaminathan had a vital role in arranging funds for the workshop. About 50 people had learnt what open access was, how to set up open access repositories, how to use the EPrints software, etc. For this very reason it was decided to hold the event in Chennai and not Bangalore where Dr. Jayakanth is based.</p>
<p align="center"><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Francis7.jpg/image_preview" alt="Participants in the Award Function" class="image-inline image-inline" title="Participants in the Award Function" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Felicitating Dr. Jayakanth, Prof. Swaminathan who presented the award added that it is important to highlight the contributions of those who really convert the concept of social inclusion to reality. He said that today every politician talks about inclusive growth. What is this inclusive growth, how do you convert exclusion to inclusion? Exclusion creates large problems, social problems, economic problems, etc. On a concluding note, Prof. Swaminathan said that the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh has declared 2012-13 as the year of science and he hopes that there will be a new science policy and technology policy and that he hopes that a very important component of that should be methods of ensuring open access including open access to knowledge and open access to literature.</p>
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<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Francis3.jpg/image_preview" title="Francis Jayakanth" height="166" width="174" alt="Francis Jayakanth" class="image-inline image-inline" /></td>
<td style="text-align: justify; ">In his award acceptance speech, Dr. Jayakanth said that the atmosphere was very overwhelming and never in his two-and-a-half decade old career he had the opportunity to speak amidst such luminaries and added that it was a privilege and prestige to have received the award from Prof. Swaminathan, the father of the Green Revolution in India. He also added that no event in India or elsewhere is complete without the active participation and mentioning of the name of Prof. Arunachalam, the greatest advocate of open access that India has seen so far, and that he wouldn’t have been here at the award ceremony but for the timely intervention of Prof. Arunachalam. <br /></td>
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<p style="text-align: justify; ">Dr. Jayakanth concluded by saying that he would like to thank Prof. NV Joshi, Prof. Derek Law, Prof. Alma Swan, Prof. Balaram, Prof. N Balakrishnan, Prof. Giridhar, and Prof. TB Rajashekar, and particularly the students of the information and knowledge management programme at the National Centre of Science Information, Indian Institute of Science, who were responsible for the growth of a repository granting more visibility to the 32,000 publications that are part of the repository.</p>
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<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Mangala.jpg/image_preview" title="Mangala Sunder" height="130" width="177" alt="Mangala Sunder" class="image-inline image-inline" /><br /></td>
<td style="text-align: justify; ">Prof. Mangala Sunder of IIT Madras and Prof. G Baskaran of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, also participated in the event. Prof. Sunder said that it is for the kind of information that we talk about, which we want to make public for which champions like Dr. Jayakanth have been working on the sidelines but working so efficiently to get institution after institution to convert what is known as a rigid framework into a flexible more open policy of bringing their scientific content to their intellectual information content. He said that he works in the area of content development from the point of view of education and he understands the difficulty of bringing material to the public. <br /></td>
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<p style="text-align: justify; ">There are many issues, such as issues about copyright, issues about people owning the information, issues about people feeling very rigid on what they want to say in the public, etc. Dr. Jayakanth has gone through all these exercises for the last 30 years in slowly creating the “little after little” what are called the waterways to finally see that everyone benefits. The linking of science, knowledge and sustainable development to open access to information, open access to research and open access to content completes the whole cycle of knowledge.</p>
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<td><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Baskaran.jpg/image_preview" title="Prof. Basakaran" height="177" width="117" alt="Prof. Basakaran" class="image-inline image-inline" /></td>
<td style="text-align: justify; ">Prof. Baskaran said that it is a very well deserved award and Dr. Jayakanth has definitely raised the bar for future awardees. Prof. Baskaran stressed upon the aspects of open access. He said that as a theoretical physicist he understands the need for open access very well. Physicists, when they have new research results place them in arXiv, the open access repository for preprints in physics. Some people wonder what if some physicists deposit all kinds of articles in the arXiv. Experience has shown that 99 per cent of the articles appear in good journals later. He added that once it is put in the arXiv, the whole world gets access and a bad paper will be noticed and commented upon by many. No one likes to be the author of such a paper! He urged that other sciences, especially the life sciences should have a repository similar to arXiv and requested Prof. Swaminathan to take the intiative at MSSRF. <br /></td>
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<h2>Dr. Francis Jayakanth</h2>
<p align="left"><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/Francis1.jpg/image_preview" alt="Francis with the Award" class="image-inline image-inline" title="Francis with the Award" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Dr. Francis Jayakanth is a library-trained scientific assistant based at the National Centre for Science Information (NCSI), the information centre of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore. He has played a significant role in the establishment of India’s first institutional repository (IR) (<a class="external-link" href="http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in">http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in</a>). He now manages the IR and has provided technical support for establishing IRs in many other universities and institutes in India. He has been the key resource person at many events to train people in setting up IRs and open access journals. He has delivered presentations on IRs, open access journals, the OAI protocol, OAI compliance, and the benefits of open access to authors and institutions and the role of libraries. He has developed a free and open source software tool (CDSOAI), which is widely used. Dr. Jayakanth can indeed be considered an open access ‘renaissance man’, an advocate and technical expert in all aspect of open access development and an inspiration to all, both at the research and policy level.</p>
<p><a href="https://cis-india.org/openness/francis-jayakanth-presentation" class="internal-link" title="Francis Jayakanth's Presentation">See Francis's presentation on Who Benefits from Open Access to Scholarly Literature?</a> [Powerpoint, 1523 KB]</p>
<p><b>See the video of the award function below:</b><b> </b></p>
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<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" src="http://blip.tv/play/AYLtr00A.html?p=1" width="250"></iframe>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/francis-wins-ept-award'>https://cis-india.org/openness/francis-wins-ept-award</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaAwardOpen ContentVideoOpen AccessOpenness2013-08-03T05:36:54ZBlog EntryFirst Pune Odia Wikipedia Workshop Organized!
https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-pune-odia-wikipedia-organized
<b>The first Pune Odia Wikipedia workshop was organized in Pune on October 27, 2012. Subhashish Panigrahi recollects his experience about the events through this report.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Recently <a class="external-link" href="http://or.wikipedia.org">Odia Wikipedia</a> (<a class="reference external" href="http://or.wikipedia.org">http://or.wikipedia.org</a>) crossed 3000 articles. After being dormant for 8 long years, Odia Wikipedia emerged as one of the active South Asian wikipedias. I visited Pune on October 27, 2012 to participate in an Odia Wikipedia workshop celebrating this success with the wikipedians and also attend the <a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Club_Pune/WikiWomenDay">WikiWomenDay 2012</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Over the last few months Odia Wikipedia has seen many active faces. One of them is Suratha Parhi, a very active Odia wikipedian. Suratha reached out to his friends, colleagues and existing wikipedians staying in Pune to celebrate the success with an Odia Wikipedia workshop. As it was after Durga Puja only a few Odia people in the city were there to attend. We saw a gathering of 10 people at <a class="external-link" href="http://www.pai-ils.com/">PAI International Learning Center</a> for this workshop. Abhishek Suryavanshi from <a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Club_Pune">Wikipedia Club Pune</a> extended his support for organizing the venue for us.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Prior to the workshop I interacted with the participants to understand their interests and efficiency with Odia typing. To my surprise two of the participants were good in typing in phonetic and Inscript. Suratha took the audience through a <a class="external-link" href="http://tiny.cc/odia">presentation</a> about Odia Wikipedia explaining the history of Odia language, importance of Wikipedia, how to contribute to Wikipedia, manual of style for writing articles, dos and do nots, rules and regulations and validating articles by adding sources. After the preliminary sessions participants started asking questions about numbers of readers, how to type in Odia, use of Odia Wikipedia and various such questions. Suratha answered their questions with examples and illustrations.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">To demonstrate editing on Odia Wikipedia we invited one of the participants. We helped her to create her user account and others also created their user accounts on Odia Wikipedia. Then we invited Sudhir Patel, a type designer and technologist working with <a class="external-link" href="http://www.cdac.in/?id=pune">CDAC, Pune</a> to introduce Odia typing and <a class="external-link" href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing_help">how to type easily in Odia</a>. After a small hands-on training for typing, all of the participants were able to start searching for articles they wanted to edit. Some of them created new articles and some edited existing articles. At the end of the session we shared our contacts to stay in touch. We also showed them <a class="external-link" href="http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:">Chatasabha</a>, a friendly desk on Odia Wikipedia and demonstrated how they can ask questions and see the answered questions. New wikipedians will be also connected to the <a class="external-link" href="http://facebook.com/groups/OdiaWiki">facebook group</a> to be updated about events and activities. New Wikipedians have decided to meet once again in November for a Odia Wikipedia meetup. Sudhir and Suratha are also planning to organize a introductory session on Odia Wikipedia during the cultural gathering organized by Odia communities.</p>
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<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/o3.png" alt="Orissa Wikipedia Participants" class="image-inline" title="Orissa Wikipedia Participants" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center; ">Above is a picture of participants from the Orissa Wikipedia workshop held on October 27, 2012</p>
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<p>More pictures on <a class="external-link" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Odia_Wikipedia_Workshop_Pune-1_27_October_2012">WikiCommons</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Press Coverage:</strong><br />OdishaDiary.com, <a class="external-link" href="http://www.orissadiary.com/ShowEvents.asp?id=37463">Odisha: Odia Wikipedia workshop organized in Pune to promote Odia language</a> (October 31, 2012)</p>
<p>Videos</p>
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<li>Suratha Parhi explaining about Odia Wikipedia</li>
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<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ib8ULCJ4Xks" width="300"></iframe></p>
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<li>Sudhir Patel explaining about Odia Typing </li>
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<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/1cBbYONRlKg" width="300"></iframe></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-pune-odia-wikipedia-organized'>https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-pune-odia-wikipedia-organized</a>
</p>
No publishersubhaAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaWorkshopVideoOpenness2012-11-30T12:44:44ZBlog EntryFirst Odia Wikipedia Education Program to be Rolled Out
https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-odia-wikipedia-education-program-to-be-rolled-out-at-iimc-dhenkanal
<b>Odia Wikipedians gathered at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC), Dhenkanal on November 8, 2012 to start the first Odia Wikipedia Education Program. This program aims to bring students edit articles on Odia Wikipedia through a series of assessments by professors. The local community members from Nalconagar would be supporting the four month program.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Since March 2011, Odia Wikipedia has started growing in terms of readers, editors and content. Last few months have seen many new faces added to the community who are willing to take part in both offline and online outreach. Though many of the community members are staying out of state, there are community clusters in three different places: Cuttack, Nalconagar and Bhubaneswar. We approached many institutions from these three places and some of them showed interest for an Odia Wikipedia workshop to assess and evaluate students for the education program. We conducted workshops in some of those institutions in the initial level. After successive workshops and meeting with the faculty members, some of the potential institutions were chosen for the education program. One of those colleges was the IIMC in Dhenkanal. We had a meeting with the professor of this organization along with teaching associates and a visiting professor and a full day workshop on editing wikipedia. Odia wikipedians, Mrutyunjaya Kar, Manoranjan Mallick, Srikant Kedia and Kamalakanta Nayak supported for organizing the event.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">IIMC, Dhenkanal is one of the six IIMCs of India and a pioneer in the field of Mass Communication. We met Professor Mrinal Chaterjee along with teaching associates, Sucharita and Bhagaban Sahu, retired professor of Revenshaw University and visiting professor of IIMC. The college is home to 83 students across India. Students enroll for a one year diploma program for Journalism and Mass communication in Odia and English.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The full day session was made to two separate sessions: an introductory session and one hands-on training on editing. Prof. Chaterjee introduced the agenda of the session and why it is needed for the students from a student's point of view. I continued the discussion and presented the key points of wikipedia editing and details of the education program, why and how we are going to start it focussing on the key roles of students and the institution and how it will help them. We announced about the hands on training session post lunch for the interested students. Twenty one students gathered for the second session. Interestingly all of the Odia department students were present and there was one student from English department. Students were briefed about editing. During the workshop we found that majority of them knew a typing layout called "Modular layout" which is used by non-unicode ISCII/ASCII typing softwares like Leap office, I-Lipi, Shreelipi, etc. As this layout is yet to be enabled for Odia we continued explaining about typing using the default typing scheme.</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify; "> </p>
<p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="The Reporter, a bilingual newspaper published by students on college noticeboard" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Odia_WEP_IIMC-10.jpg/223px-Odia_WEP_IIMC-10.jpg" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center; "><span>"The Reporter", a bilingual daily published by students on college notice board</span></p>
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<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="356" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/15366884" width="427"> </iframe></p>
<div><b><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/psubhashish/odia-education-program-proposal-iimc" target="_blank" title="Odia education program proposal IIMC">Odia education program proposal IIMC</a> on Slideshare</b></div>
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<p style="text-align: justify; ">After the end of the workshop we had another meeting with the professor and other faculty members to assess and discuss about the further steps. IIMC has a very close student-teacher relation which we observed from the beginning of the workshop. Students were really keen and patient to learn and all of the students who attended the hands-on training session stayed back till the end of the session. Apart from their regular assignments and projects, students also publish a daily bilingual newspaper, "The Reporter".</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">"Writing is a part of their their study and we emphasize much on getting the most of their short program. If Wikipedia could give them a global platform to and larger audience for their work to be read, reviewed and enhanced then why not adding it to their task list?", expresses Prof. Chatterjee. The only hurdle which students are going to face in the initial phase is typing in Odia. So, modular layout needs to be added in "Narayam", the typing tool integrated in Odia Wikipedia. To begin with this program an Odia Wikipedia club was formed at Nalconagar which would primarily support this program at the ground level.</p>
<h3><span>Video</span></h3>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/nm7dRQ7LmVI" width="300"></iframe></p>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Read a detailed four month work plan for this program on Odia Wikipedia: <a class="external-link" href="http://or.wikipedia.org/s/cgk">Read in English</a> | <a class="external-link" href="http://or.wikipedia.org/s/cgj">Read in Odia</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Presentation for Odia Education Program: <a class="external-link" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odia_Education_Program_proposal_IIMC.pdf">On Commons</a> | <a class="external-link" href="http://bitly.com/iepiimc">Source file</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Commons picture gallery: <a class="external-link" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Odia_Wikipedia_Education_Program">See here</a></li>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-odia-wikipedia-education-program-to-be-rolled-out-at-iimc-dhenkanal'>https://cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/first-odia-wikipedia-education-program-to-be-rolled-out-at-iimc-dhenkanal</a>
</p>
No publishersubhaHigher EducationAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaWorkshopVideoOpenness2012-12-14T12:17:04ZBlog EntryFacebook Free Basics vs Net Neutrality: The top arguments in the debate
https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/indian-express-december-31-2015-facebook-free-basics-vs-net-neutrality-the-top-arguments-in-the-debate
<b>On Twitter, there's a whole conversation around Facebook Free Basics and whether zero-rating platforms should be allowed in India. Here's a look at the debate.</b>
<p>The article was <a class="external-link" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/facebook-free-basics-debate-the-arguments-that-are-unfolding-on-twitter/">published in the Indian Express</a> on December 31, 2015. Sunil Abraham and Pranesh Prakash were quoted.</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify; ">Facebook’s Free Basics app, which aims to provide ‘free Internet access’ to users who can’t afford data packs, has run into trouble in India over the last two weeks. After regulator TRAI issued a paper questioning the fairness of zero-rating platforms, it also asked Reliance Communications (the official telecom partner for Free Basics) to put the service on hold.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Facebook on its part has gone for an aggressive campaign, both online and offline, to promote Free Basics and ensure that its platform is not banned permanently. For Net Neutrality activists, zero-rating platforms are in violation of the principle as it restricts access to free, full Internet for users.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">On Twitter too, there’s a serious debate unfolding around Free Basics and whether zero-rating platforms should be allowed in India. Here’s a look at some of the prominent voices around this Net Neutrality vs Free Basics debate.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Watch our video</h3>
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<th><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y6vXJNVUDug" width="560"></iframe></th>
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<p id="stcpDiv" style="text-align: justify; ">Nikhil Pahwa, founder of news website MediaNama, has been campaigning for quite some time against zero-rating platforms in general and Net Neutrality. On Twitter, Pahwa points out that the problem with the zero-rating apps is that it gives telecos right to play kingmaker, and get into a direct relationship between a website and a user.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Pahwa also wrote a counter-blog to Mark Zuckerberg’s <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/its-a-battle-for-internet-freedom/">column in The Times of India </a> questioning why Facebook is going with this restricted version of the web on Free Basics, rather than giving access to all websites.</p>
<p>He posted recently on Twitter, “Why hasn’t Facebook tried any model other than on which gives it a competitive advantage?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Pahwa adds, “With zero rating, telcos insert themselves into a previously direct relationship between a site and user. Some sites made cheaper versus others. Said it earlier, saying it again. Problem with zero rating is that it gives telcos the right to play kingmaker through pricing. So Net Neutrality battle isn’t just about Facebook. It’s about telcos lobbying for differential pricing+revenue share from Internet companies.”</p>
<div id="stcpDiv">Check out <a class="external-link" href="http://twitter.com/nixxin/status/681731772682354688">some of this tweets on the issue of Net Neutrality</a>:</div>
<div></div>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Pranesh Prakash, the director for policy at Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) in Bangalore, has said that a total ban might not be the ideal solution and one should look at the platforms on a case by case basis.<br /><br />He writes on Twitter, “My position: We should ban some zero-rating, allow some zero-rating, and deal w/ middle category either w/ +ve obligation or case-by-case. I’m all for banning Free Basics if it harms people more than it benefits them. I’ve even proposed tests for determining this. The regulator needs more data on a) conversion rates to full-Internet; b) cost of subsidy & c) QoE (speed, etc.) of Free Basics.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Check out Pranesh's tweets below</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/P1.png" alt="Pranesh Tweet" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Tweet" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/copy_of_P2.png" alt="Pranesh Tweet" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Tweet" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/P3.png" alt="Pranesh Tweet" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Tweet" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Sunil Abraham, executive director at Centre for Internet and Society, has however questioned Free Basics on Twitter. He also posted counter-points to Pranesh’s tweets about data on conversion being used to create regulations around zero-ratings. He’s also called for a ban on Free Basics.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Check out his tweets below</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/P4.png" alt="Pranesh Tweet" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Tweet" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/P5.png" alt="Pranesh Tweet" class="image-inline" title="Pranesh Tweet" /></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/indian-express-december-31-2015-facebook-free-basics-vs-net-neutrality-the-top-arguments-in-the-debate'>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/indian-express-december-31-2015-facebook-free-basics-vs-net-neutrality-the-top-arguments-in-the-debate</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaSocial MediaFree BasicsInternet GovernanceFreedom of Speech and ExpressionVideoSocial Networking2016-01-07T02:26:16ZNews Item