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  <title>Centre for Internet and Society</title>
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            These are the search results for the query, showing results 41 to 55.
        
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            <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/netmundial-outcome-document-draft-article-13"/>
        
        
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    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/netmundial-outcome-document-draft-article-13">
    <title>NETmundial Outcome Document - Draft Article 13</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/netmundial-outcome-document-draft-article-13</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;Compilation of comments made in relation to the draft Article 13 of the NETmundial outcome document. The Article dealt with enabling environment for innovation and creativity. &lt;/b&gt;
        
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/netmundial-outcome-document-draft-article-13'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/netmundial-outcome-document-draft-article-13&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>


   <dc:date>2014-04-29T17:13:43Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>File</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests">
    <title>Table of CIS DIDP Requests</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;CIS sent 10 DIDP requests to ICANN, and we received responses for 9 of them. As this table shows, the majority of ICANN's responses are negative. In 7 requests out of 9, ICANN provides no new information apart from what CIS had already identified in the Requests. &lt;/b&gt;
        
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>


   <dc:date>2015-03-05T06:42:25Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>File</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-1-icanns-expenditures-on-travel-meetings">
    <title>DIDP Request #1: ICANN's Expenditures on "Travel &amp; Meetings"</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-1-icanns-expenditures-on-travel-meetings</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;CIS sent ICANN a request under its Documentary Information Disclosure Policy, seeking details of expenditure by ICANN at its Meetings. CIS' request and ICANN's response are detailed below. &lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;CIS' Request&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;18 December 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;To:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Cherine Chalaby, Chair, Finance Committee of the Board&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Xavier Calvez, Chief Financial Officer&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Samiran Gupta, ICANN India&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;All other members of Staff involved in accounting and financial tasks&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sub: Request for itemized details of expenditure by ICANN at its Meetings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We would like to thank Mr. Calvez and Mr. Gupta for providing information regarding ICANN’s domain name revenues for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014.&lt;a href="#_ftn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; We would like to request further information through the DIDP.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In the Audited Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the “statements of activities” provides Total Expenses (for ICANN and New gTLD) as USD 124,400,000.&lt;a href="#_ftn2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, the Total Expenses (ICANN and New gTLD) noted is USD 150,362,000.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;According to the statement, this covers expenses for Personnel, Travel and meetings, Professional services and Administration. Quarterly Reports note that the head “Travel and meetings” includes community support requests.&lt;a href="#_ftn3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; In addition to these heads, Quarterly Reports include “Bad debt expenses” and “Depreciation expenses”. The manner of accounting for these is explained in &lt;span&gt;Note 2&lt;/span&gt; to the Notes to Financial Statements.&lt;a href="#_ftn4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; Note 2 explains that the expenses statement is prepared by “functional allocation of expenses” to identifiable programs or support services, or otherwise by methods determined by the management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;For the purposes of our research into normative and practised transparency and accountability in Internet governance, we request, to begin with, &lt;i&gt;current and historical&lt;/i&gt; information regarding itemized, detailed expenses under the head “Travel and meetings”. We request this information from 1999 till 2014. We request that such information be categorized and sub-categorised as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Total and Individual Expenses for each meeting (categorised by meeting and year):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;1. Total and individual expenses for ICANN staff (differentiated by department and name of each individual attending the event, including dates/duration of attendance);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Also broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each ICANN staff member who attended the event to be named.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;2. &lt;span&gt;Total and individual expenses for members of ICANN Board (listed by each Board member and dates/duration of attendance);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each Board member to be named.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;3. Total and individual expenses for members of ICANN constituencies (ALAC, ATRT, ccNSO, GAC, GNSO, etc.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each attendee for whom ICANN covered expenses to be named.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;4. Total and individual expenses for ICANN fellows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each attendee for whom ICANN covered expenses to be named, including their region and stakeholder affiliation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;5. &lt;span&gt;Total and individual expenses incurred for any other ICANN affiliate or liaison (ISOC, IETF, IAB, etc.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each attendee for whom ICANN covered expenses to be named, including their affiliation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;6. &lt;span&gt;Total and individual expenses incurred for any other person, whether or not directly affiliated with ICANN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Broken down into each individual expense (flights, accommodation, per diem or separate local transport, food and other expenses).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;-    Each attendee for whom ICANN covered expenses to be named, including their affiliation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;Please note that we request the above-detailed information for ICANN meetings, and also other meetings for which ICANN may provide financial support (for instance, CWG-Stewardship or CWG-Accountability). We request, as a preliminary matter, a list of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;all meetings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; to which ICANN provides and has, in the past, provided financial support (1999-2014).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We note that some information of this nature is available in the Travel Support Reports.&lt;a href="#_ftn5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; However, the Travel Support Reports are available only from 2008 (Cairo meeting), and are not available for ICANN48 to ICANN51. Further, the Travel Support Reports do not exhibit the level of granularity necessary for research and scrutiny. As explained above, we request granular information for all meetings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In our view, providing such information will not violate any individual or corporate rights of ICANN, its Staff, Board, Affiliates/Liaisons or any other individual. Public corporations and even private organisations performing public functions may be subjected to or accept an increased level of transparency and accountability. We believe this is of especial importance to ICANN, as it is involved in a process to enhance its accountability, intrinsically related to IANA Stewardship Transition. We expressed similar views in our initial comment to “Enhancing ICANN Accountability”.&lt;a href="#_ftn6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; Increased transparency from ICANN may also address accountability concerns present across stakeholder-groups both within and outside ICANN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We await your favorable response and the requested information within the prescribed time limit. Please do not hesitate to contact us should you require any clarifications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;Warm regards,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Geetha Hariharan&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Centre for Internet &amp;amp; Society&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;W: &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org"&gt;http://cis-india.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;ICANN's Response&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ICANN responded to the above request for information within the stipulated time of 30 days. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/cis-response-17jan15-en.pdf"&gt;ICANN’s response is here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. A short summary of CIS's request and ICANN's response can be found &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests/at_download/file"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in this table (Request S. no. 1)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;ICANN reveals hitherto undisclosed details of domain names revenues&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-receives-information-on-icanns-revenues-from-domain-names-fy-2014"&gt;http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-receives-information-on-icanns-revenues-from-domain-names-fy-2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;ICANN Financial Statements As of and For the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013&lt;/i&gt;, pages 7, 19-20, &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/financial-report-fye-30jun14-en.pdf"&gt;https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/financial-report-fye-30jun14-en.pdf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; For instance, see &lt;i&gt;ICANN FY14 Financial Package: For the nine months ending March 2014&lt;/i&gt;, pages 2-5, &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/package-fy14-31mar14-en.pdf"&gt;https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/package-fy14-31mar14-en.pdf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;Supra&lt;/i&gt; note 1, page 14.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; See Community Travel Support, &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/travel-support-2012-02-25-en#reports"&gt;https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/travel-support-2012-02-25-en#reports&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; See CIS Comments on Enhancing ICANN Accountability, &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-comments-enhancing-icann-accountability"&gt;http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-comments-enhancing-icann-accountability&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-1-icanns-expenditures-on-travel-meetings'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-1-icanns-expenditures-on-travel-meetings&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>ICANN</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>DIDP</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Transparency</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Accountability</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2015-03-05T08:00:36Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-4-icann-and-the-netmundial-principles">
    <title>DIDP Request #4: ICANN and the NETmundial Principles</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-4-icann-and-the-netmundial-principles</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;CIS sent ICANN a request under its Documentary Information Disclosure Policy, seeking details of ICANN's implementation of the NETmundial Principles that it has endorsed widely and publicly. CIS' request and ICANN's response are detailed below.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;CIS Request&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;27 December 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;To:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Fadi Chehade, CEO and President&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Steve Crocker, Chairman of the Board&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Cherine Chalaby, Chair, Finance Committee of the Board&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Xavier Calvez, Chief Financial Officer&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sub: Details of implementation by and within ICANN of the NETmundial Outcome Document (April ‘14)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We express our appreciation at ICANN’s prompt acknowledgement of our previous DIDP request, and await the information. We would, in the meanwhile, request information regarding ICANN’s internal measures to implement the NETmundial Outcome Document.&lt;a href="#_ftn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In a post titled &lt;i&gt;Turning Talk Into Action After NETmundial,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftn2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; Mr. Chehade emphasized the imperative to carry forward the NETmundial principles to fruition. In nearly every public statement, Mr. Chehade and other ICANN representatives have spoken in praise and support of NETmundial and its Outcome Document.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;But in the absence of binding value to them, self-regulation and organizational initiatives pave the way to adopt them. There must be concrete action to implement the Principles. In this regard, we request information about mechanisms or any other changes afoot within ICANN, implemented internally in recognition of the NETmundial Principles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;At the IGF in Istanbul, when CIS’ Sunil Abraham raised this query,&lt;a href="#_ftn3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Mr. Chehade responded that mechanisms ought to and will be undertaken jointly and in collaboration with other organisations. However, institutional improvements are intra-organisational as well, and require changes &lt;i&gt;within &lt;/i&gt;ICANN. An example would be the suggestions to strengthen the IGF, increase its term, and provide financial support (some of which are being achieved, though ICANN’s financial contribution to IGFSA is incongruous in comparison to its financial involvement in the NETmundial Initiative).&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;From ICANN, we have seen consistent championing of the controversial NETmundial Initiative,&lt;a href="#_ftn4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; and contribution to the IGF Support Association.&lt;a href="#_ftn5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; There are also mechanisms instituted for IANA Stewardship Transition and Enhancing ICANN Accountability,&lt;a href="#_ftn6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; as responses to the NTIA’s announcement to not renew the IANA functions contract and related concerns of accountability.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In addition to the above, we would like to know what ICANN has done to implement the NETmundial Principles, internally and proactively.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We hope that our request will be processed within the stipulated time period of 30 days. Do let us know if you require any clarifications on our queries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Warm regards,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Geetha Hariharan&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Centre for Internet &amp;amp; Society&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;W: &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org"&gt;http://cis-india.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;ICANN Response&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;ICANN's response to the above request disappointingly linked to the very same blogpost we note in our request, &lt;i&gt;Turning Talk Into Action After NETmundial&lt;/i&gt;. Following this, ICANN points us to their involvement in the NETmundial Initiative. On the question of internal implementation, ICANN's response is defensive, to say the least. "ICANN is not the home for the implementation of the NETmundial Principles", they say. In any event, ICANN defends that it already implements the NETmundial Principles in its functioning, a response that comes as a surprise to us. "&lt;span&gt;Many of the NETmundial Principles are high-level statements that permeate through the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;work of any entity – particularly a multistakeholder entity like ICANN – that is interested &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;in the upholding of the inclusive, multistakeholder process within the Internet governance &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;framework", notes ICANN's response. Needless to say, ICANN's response falls short of responding to our queries. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;Finally, ICANN notes that our request is beyond the scope of the DIDP, as it does not relate to ICANN's operational activities. Notwithstanding that our query does in fact seek ICANN's operationalisation of the NETmundial Principles, we are now confused as to where to go to seek this information from ICANN. If the DIDP is not the effective transparency tool it is aimed to be, who in ICANN can provide answers to these questions?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;ICANN's response may be &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/cis-netmundial-response-27jan15-en.pdf"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;found here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. A short summary of our request and ICANN's response may be found &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests/at_download/file"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in this table (Request S. no. 4)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr size="1" style="text-align: justify; " width="33%" /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;NETmundial Multi-stakeholder Statement&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://netmundial.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistakeholder-Document.pdf"&gt;http://netmundial.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistakeholder-Document.pdf&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; See Chehade, &lt;i&gt;Turning Talk Into Action After NETmundial&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://blog.icann.org/2014/05/turning-talk-into-action-after-netmundial/"&gt;http://blog.icann.org/2014/05/turning-talk-into-action-after-netmundial/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;ICANN Open Forum&lt;/i&gt;, 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; IGF 2014 (Istanbul, Turkey), &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cio31nsqK_A"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cio31nsqK_A&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; See McCarthy, &lt;i&gt;I’m Begging You To Join&lt;/i&gt;, The Register (12 December 2014), &lt;a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/12/12/im_begging_you_to_join_netmundial_initiative_gets_desperate/"&gt;http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/12/12/im_begging_you_to_join_netmundial_initiative_gets_desperate/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;ICANN Donates $50k to Internet Governance Forum Support Association&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/press-material/release-2014-12-18-en"&gt;https://www.icann.org/resources/press-material/release-2014-12-18-en&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;NTIA IANA Functions’ Stewardship Transition &amp;amp; Enhancing ICANN Accountability Processes&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/stewardship-accountability"&gt;https://www.icann.org/stewardship-accountability&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-4-icann-and-the-netmundial-principles'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-4-icann-and-the-netmundial-principles&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>ICANN</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>DIDP</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Transparency</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Accountability</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2015-03-05T08:28:44Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-6-revenues-from-gtld-auctions">
    <title>DIDP Request #6: Revenues from gTLD auctions</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-6-revenues-from-gtld-auctions</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;CIS sent ICANN a request under its Documentary Information Disclosure Policy, seeking information regarding revenues received from gTLD auctions. CIS' request and ICANN's response are detailed below.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;CIS Request&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;12 January 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;To:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Fadi Chehade, CEO and President&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Mr. Steve Crocker, Chairman of the Board&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sub: Revenues from gTLD auctions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;It is our understanding that an auction for a Generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) is used as a last-resort mechanism in order to resolve string contention, i.e., when there are groups of applications for same or confusingly similar new gTLDs. As of now, the ICANN website only furnishes information of the winning applicant and the winning price, as regards each new gTLD auction.&lt;a href="#_ftn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; We have observed that information regarding the bids from all other applicants is not available. The revenue information provided to us&lt;a href="#_ftn2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; does not include revenues from new gTLDs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In this regard, we request you to provide us with the following information:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;(i)    How many gTLDs have been sold &lt;i&gt;via&lt;/i&gt; the auction process, since its inception?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;(ii)   What were the starting and winning bids in the ICANN auctions conducted?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;(iii) What revenue has ICANN received from the gTLD auctions, since the first ICANN auction was conducted? Please also provide information about the winner (name, corporate information provided to/ available with ICANN).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;(iv) How are proceeds from the gTLD auction process utilized?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;We believe that this information will give us a framework for understanding the gTLD auction process within ICANN. Furthermore, it will assist us in understanding the manner and purpose for which the proceeds from the auctioning process are utilized, in the broader structure of ICANN transparency and accountability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We hope that our request will be processed within the stipulated time period of 30 days. Do let us know if you require any clarifications on our queries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Warm regards,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Lakshmi Venkataraman,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;IV Year, NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;i&gt;for &lt;/i&gt;Centre for Internet &amp;amp; Society&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;W: &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org"&gt;http://cis-india.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;ICANN Response&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;ICANN's response to the above query is positive. ICANN states that all information surrounding the auctions is available on the New gTLDs microsite, and on the Auctions page: &lt;span&gt;http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/auctions. The current status of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;auction proceeds and costs are available at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/auctions/proceeds,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and auction results are at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/auctionresults. The utilization of proceeds from the auctions is yet to be decided by the ICANN Board:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; “[auction] proceeds will be reserved and earmarked until the Board determines a plan for the appropriate use of the funds through consultation with the community. Auction proceeds are net of any Auction costs. Auction costs may include initial set-up costs, auction management fees, and escrow fees.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; "&gt;ICANN's response to our DIDP request may be &lt;a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/cis-response-09feb15-en.pdf"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;found here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; "&gt; A short summary of our request and ICANN's response may be found &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/table-of-cis-didp-requests/at_download/file" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in this table (Request S. no. 6)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; "&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr size="1" style="text-align: justify; " width="33%" /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;Auction Results&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/auctionresults"&gt;https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/auctionresults&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;i&gt;ICANN reveals hitherto undisclosed details of domain names revenues&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-receives-information-on-icanns-revenues-from-domain-names-fy-2014"&gt;http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-receives-information-on-icanns-revenues-from-domain-names-fy-2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-6-revenues-from-gtld-auctions'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/didp-request-6-revenues-from-gtld-auctions&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>ICANN</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>DIDP</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Transparency</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Accountability</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2015-03-10T10:59:37Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/no-more-66a">
    <title>No more 66A!</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/no-more-66a</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court has struck down Section 66A. Today was a great day for freedom of speech on the Internet! When Section 66A was in operation, if you made a statement that led to offence, you could be prosecuted. We are an offence-friendly nation, judging by media reports in the last year. It was a year of book-bans, website blocking and takedown requests. Facebook’s Transparency Report showed that next to the US, India made the most requests for information about user accounts. A complaint under Section 66A would be a ground for such requests.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 66A hung like a sword in the middle: Shaheen Dhada was arrested in Maharashtra for observing that Bal Thackeray’s funeral shut down the city, Devu Chodankar in Goa and Syed Waqar in Karnataka were arrested for making posts about Narendra Modi, and a Puducherry man was arrested for criticizing P. Chidambaram’s son. The law was vague and so widely worded that it was prone to misuse, and was in fact being misused.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Today, the Supreme Court struck down Section 66A in its judgment on a &lt;a class="external-link" href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/overview-constitutional-challenges-on-itact"&gt;set of petitions&lt;/a&gt; heard together last year and earlier this year. Stating that the law is vague, the bench comprising Chelameshwar and Nariman, JJ. held that while restrictions on free speech are constitutional insofar as they are in line with Article 19(2) of the Constitution. Section 66A, they held, does not meet this test: The central protection of free speech is the freedom to make statements that “offend, shock or disturb”, and Section 66A is an unconstitutional curtailment of these freedoms. To cross the threshold of constitutional limitation, the impugned speech must be of such a nature that it incites violence or is an exhortation to violence. Section 66A, by being extremely vague and broad, does not meet this threshold. These are, of course, drawn from news reports of the judgment; the judgment is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Reports also say that Section 79(3)(b) has been read down. Previously, any private individual or entity, and the government and its departments could request intermediaries to take down a website, without a court order. If the intermediaries did not comply, they would lose immunity under Section 79. The Supreme Court judgment states that both in Rule 3(4) of the Intermediaries Guidelines and in Section 79(3)(b), the "actual knowledge of the court order or government notification" is necessary before website takedowns can be effected. In effect, this mean that intermediaries &lt;i&gt;need not&lt;/i&gt; act upon private notices under Section 79, while they can act upon them if they choose. This stops intermediaries from standing judge over what constitutes an unlawful act. If they choose not to take down content after receiving a private notice, they will not lose immunity under Section 79.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 69A, the website blocking procedure, has been left intact by the Court, despite infirmities such as a lack of judicial review and non-transparent operation. More updates when the judgment is made available.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/no-more-66a'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/no-more-66a&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>Censorship</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Homepage</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Intermediary Liability</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Featured</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Chilling Effect</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Section 66A</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Article 19(1)(a)</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Blocking</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2015-03-26T02:01:31Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/huffington-post-geetha-hariharan-march-26-2015-what-66-a-judgment-means-for-free-speech-online">
    <title>What 66A Judgment Means For Free Speech Online</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/huffington-post-geetha-hariharan-march-26-2015-what-66-a-judgment-means-for-free-speech-online</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;This week India's Supreme Court redefined the boundaries of freedom of speech on the internet. With the Court's decision in Shreya Singhal &amp; Ors. v. Union of India, Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, has been struck down in entirety and is no longer good law.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Geetha Hariharan's article was originally published in the &lt;a class="external-link" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.in/geetha-hariharan/what-66a-judgment-means-f_b_6938110.html"&gt;Huffington Post&lt;/a&gt; on March 26, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;This week India's Supreme Court redefined the boundaries of freedom of speech on the internet. With the &lt;a href="http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=42510" target="_hplink"&gt;Court's decision&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;i&gt;Shreya Singhal &amp;amp; Ors. v. Union of India&lt;/i&gt;,  Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, has been struck  down in entirety and is no longer good law. Through a structured,  well-reasoned and heartening judgment, the court talks us through the  nuances of free speech and valid restrictions. While previously,  intermediaries were required to take down content upon &lt;i&gt;suo moto&lt;/i&gt; determination of lawfulness, Section 79(3)(b) of the Act -- the  intermediary liability provision -- has been read down to require actual  knowledge of a court order or a government notification to take down  content. Section 69A of the Act and its corresponding Rules, the  provisions enabling the blocking of web content, have been left intact  by the court, though infirmities persist.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;The Supreme Court's decision comes at a critical moment for freedom of  speech in India. In recent years, the freedom guaranteed under &lt;a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1142233/" target="_hplink"&gt;Article 19(1)(a)&lt;/a&gt; of the Constitution has suffered unmitigated misery: Wendy Doniger's &lt;i&gt;The Hindus: An Alternative History&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-hindus-controversy-angry-wendy-doniger-says-indian-law-true-villain/" target="_hplink"&gt; was banned&lt;/a&gt; for hurting religious sentiments, publisher &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/its-batra-again-book-on-sexual-violence-in-ahmedabad-riots-is-set-aside-by-publisher/" target="_hplink"&gt;Orient Blackswan&lt;/a&gt; fearing legal action stayed its release of an academic work on sexual violence in Ahmedabad, the author Perumal Murugan &lt;a href="http://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/why-perumal-murugans-one-part-woman-significant-debate-freedom-expression-india" target="_hplink"&gt;faced harsh criticism&lt;/a&gt; for his novel &lt;i&gt;One Part Woman&lt;/i&gt; and chose to slay his authorial identity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="pullquote" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;"The Supreme Court's decision comes at a critical moment for freedom of speech in India. In recent years, the freedom guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution has suffered unmitigated misery."&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;The tale of free speech on the Internet is similar. In response to takedown requests, intermediaries &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/chilling-effects-on-free-expression-on-internet" target="_hplink"&gt;prefer to tread a safe path&lt;/a&gt;, taking down even legitimate content for fear of triggering penalties under Section 79 of the IT Act. The government has &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/analysing-blocked-sites-riots-communalism" target="_hplink"&gt;blocked websites&lt;/a&gt; in ways that transgress the bounds of 'reasonable restrictions' on speech. Section 66A alone has gathered astounding arrests and controversy. In 2012, &lt;a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/outrage-after-arrest-of-2-women-for-facebook-post-on-mumbai-shutdown/article1-961377.aspx" target="_hplink"&gt;Shaheen Dhada and her friend&lt;/a&gt; were arrested in Maharashtra for observing that Bal Thackeray's funeral shut down Mumbai, &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Chargesheet-against-Devu-Chodankar-likely-soon/articleshow/43452449.cms" target="_hplink"&gt;Devu Chodankar&lt;/a&gt; in Goa and &lt;a href="http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/facebook-youth-arrested-anti-modi-message-whatsapp-224422.html" target="_hplink"&gt;Syed Waqar&lt;/a&gt; in Karnataka were arrested in 2014 for making posts about PM Narendra Modi, and &lt;a href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/man-arrested-for-tweet-on-chidambarams-son-months-after-swamy-targeted-karti/1/227022.html" target="_hplink"&gt;a Puducherry man was arrested&lt;/a&gt; for criticizing P. Chidambaram's son. The misuse of Section 66A, and the inadequacy of other provisions of the IT Act, were well-documented.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 66A: No longer draconian&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In a writ petition filed in 2012, the law student Shreya Singhal challenged the constitutionality of &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/resources/section-66A-information-technology-act" target="_hplink"&gt;Section 66A&lt;/a&gt; on grounds, &lt;i&gt;inter alia&lt;/i&gt;, of vagueness and its chilling effect. More petitions were filed challenging other provisions of the IT Act including Section 69A (website blocking) and Section 79 (intermediary liability), and &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/overview-constitutional-challenges-on-itact" target="_hplink"&gt;these were heard jointly&lt;/a&gt; by justices Rohinton F. Nariman and G. Chelameshwar. Section 66A, implicating grave issues of freedom of speech on the internet, was at the centre of the challenge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="pullquote" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;"It is difficult -impossible, in fact - to foresee or predict what speech is permitted or criminalised under Section 66A. As a result, there is a chilling effect on free speech online, resulting in self-censorship."&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 66A makes it a criminal offence to send any online communication that is "grossly offensive" or "menacing", or false information sent for the purposes of causing "annoyance, inconvenience, insult, injury, obstruction, enmity, hatred, ill will", etc. These terms are not defined. Neither do they fall within one of the eight subjects for limitation under Article 19(2). It is difficult -impossible, in fact - to foresee or predict what speech is permitted or criminalised under Section 66A. As a result, there is a chilling effect on free speech online, resulting in self-censorship.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With yesterday's decision, the Supreme Court has struck down Section 66A on grounds of vagueness, excessive range and chilling effects on speech online. What is perhaps most uplifting is the court's affirmation of the value of free speech. In the midst of rising conservatism towards free speech, the Court reminds us that an "informed citizenry" and a "culture of open dialogue" are crucial to our democracy. Article 19(1)(a) shields us from "occasional tyrannies of governing majorities", and its restriction should be within Constitutional bounds enumerated in &lt;a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/493243/" target="_hplink"&gt;Article 19(2)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;What speech is protected?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;There are three types of speech, the court says: Discussion, advocacy and incitement. Discussion and advocacy are at the heart of Article 19(1)(a), and are unquestionably protected. But when speech amounts to incitement - that is, if it is expected to cause harm, danger or public disorder- it can be reasonably restricted for any of these reasons: public order, sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State and friendly relations with foreign states.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;" The Union of India argued that Section 66A is saved by the clauses "public order", "defamation", "incitement to an offence" and "decency, morality". But as the court finds that these are spurious grounds."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 66A, however, does not meet the legal standards for any of the limitation-clauses under Article 19(2), and so is unconstitutional. The Union of India argued that Section 66A is saved by the clauses "public order", "defamation", "incitement to an offence" and "decency, morality". But as the court finds that these are spurious grounds. For instance, Section 66A covers "all information" sent via the Internet, but does not make any reference (express or implied) to public order. Section 66A is not saved by incitement, either. The ingredients of "incitement" are that there must be a "clear tendency to disrupt public order", or an express or implied call to violence or disorder, and Section 66A is remarkably silent on these. By its vague and wide scope, Section 66A may apply to one-on-one online communication or to public posts, and so its applicability is uncertain. For these grounds, Section 66A has been struck down.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;For freedom of speech on the internet, this is fantastic news! The unpredictability and threat of Section 66A has been lifted. Political commentary, criticism and dialogue are clearly protected under Article 19(1)(a). Of course, the government is still keen to regulate online speech, but the bounds within which it may do so have been reasserted and fortified.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 69A and website blocking&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 69A empowers the government and its agencies to block websites on any of six grounds: "in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above". The blocking procedure is set out in the Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguards for Blocking for Access of Information by Public) Rules, 2009. It requires that a Committee for Examination of Request (CER) examines each blocking request, and gives the content-generator or host 48 hours to make a representation. The Secretary of the Department of Electronics and Information Technology then issues the blocking direction to the intermediary.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="pullquote" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;"[The court has] failed to consider the impact of Section 69A and its Rules. Our free speech rights as listeners are equally affected when legitimate websites containing information are blocked. Transparency, blockpage notifications and judicial review are essential to determine whether each blocking direction is valid."&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Now, the Supreme Court decision has left Section 69A and its Rules intact, stating that it is a "narrowly drawn provision with several safeguards". However, the Court has overlooked some crucial details. For instance, no judicial review is available to test the validity of each blocking direction. Moreover, Rule 14 of the Blocking Rules requires that all blocking requests and directions are kept confidential. This means that neither the content-generator, nor the reader/listener or general public, will have any idea of how many blocking directions have been issued or why. There is no standard blockpage display in India, either, and this further aggravates the transparency problem.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Lamentably, the Supreme Court has not considered this. Though the court has recognised and upheld the rights of viewers, readers and listeners in its decision on Section 66A, it failed to consider the impact of Section 69A and its Rules on readers and listeners. Our free speech rights as listeners are equally affected when legitimate websites containing information are blocked. Transparency, blockpage notifications and judicial review are essential to determine whether each blocking direction is valid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 79 and the intermediary as a judge&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Section 79 provides a safe harbour for intermediaries: if they abide by the requirements of Section 79(2), they retain immunity. But under Section 79(3)(b), intermediaries can lose their immunity from prosecution if, after receiving a takedown notice, they do not take down content in three circumstances: (1) if they have actual knowledge that third-party information within their control is being used to commit an unlawful act (i.e., by suo moto deciding the lawfulness of content); (2) if a court order requires takedown of content; (3) if a government notification requires takedown. Rule 3(4) of the Intermediaries Guidelines Rules, 2011 has a similar provision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote class="pullquote" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;"The Supreme Court has wisely put an end to private adjudication of lawfulness. Section 79(3)(b) and Rule 3(4) have been read down to mean that the intermediary must have actual knowledge of a court order or government notification."&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;This leads to a situation where a private intermediary is responsible for deciding what constitutes lawful content. &lt;a href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/chilling-effects-on-free-expression-on-internet" target="_hplink"&gt;Previous studies&lt;/a&gt; have shown that, when placed in such a position, intermediaries prefer overbroad blocking to escape liability. As readers, we can then only access uncontroversial content. But the freedom of speech includes, as the European Court of Human Rights emphasised in &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-57897" target="_hplink"&gt;Otto-Preminger Institut&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, the freedom to "offend, shock and disturb".&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Shreya Singhal&lt;/i&gt;, the Supreme Court has wisely put an end to  private adjudication of lawfulness. Section 79(3)(b) and Rule 3(4) have  been read down to mean that the intermediary must have actual knowledge  of a court order or government notification. Even if an intermediary  chooses not to act in response to a private takedown notice, it will  retain its immunity under Section 79.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;With &lt;i&gt;Shreya Singhal&lt;/i&gt;, India has reaffirmed its protections for  freedom of speech on the internet. One may now freely speak online  without fear of illegitimate and unconstitutional prosecution. However, a  re-examination of the blocking procedure, with its infirmities and  direct impact on speech diversity, is essential. But today, we  celebrate!&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/huffington-post-geetha-hariharan-march-26-2015-what-66-a-judgment-means-for-free-speech-online'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/huffington-post-geetha-hariharan-march-26-2015-what-66-a-judgment-means-for-free-speech-online&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>IT Act</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Censorship</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Internet Governance</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Chilling Effect</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2015-03-27T16:50:43Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/good-intentions-going-awry-i-why-india2019s-proposal-at-the-itu-is-troubling-for-internet-freedoms">
    <title>Good Intentions, Recalcitrant Text - I: Why India’s Proposal at the ITU is Troubling for Internet Freedoms</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/good-intentions-going-awry-i-why-india2019s-proposal-at-the-itu-is-troubling-for-internet-freedoms</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;The UN's International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is hosting its Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-14) this year in South Korea. At PP-14, India introduced a new draft resolution on ITU's Role in Realising Secure Information Society. The Draft Resolution has grave implications for human rights and Internet governance. Geetha Hariharan explores.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;At the 2014 Plenipotentiary Conference (‘PP-14’ or ‘Plenipot’) of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), India has tabled &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-draft-resolution-itus-role-in-securing-information-security/at_download/file"&gt;a draft proposal&lt;/a&gt; on “ITU’s Role in Realising Secure Information Society” [Document 98, dated 20 October 2014] (“&lt;strong&gt;Draft Resolution&lt;/strong&gt;”). India’s proposal has incited a great deal of concern and discussion among Plenipot attendees, governments and civil society alike. Before offering my concerns and comments on the Draft Resolution, let us understand the proposal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Our Draft Resolution identifies 3 security concerns with exchange of information and resource allocation on the Internet:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="text-align: justify; "&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;First&lt;/i&gt;, it is troubling for India that present network architecture has “&lt;i&gt;security weaknesses&lt;/i&gt;” such as “&lt;i&gt;camouflaging the identity of the originator of the communication&lt;/i&gt;”;&lt;a href="#_ftn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; random IP address distribution also makes “&lt;i&gt;tracing of communication difficult&lt;/i&gt;”;&lt;a href="#_ftn2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Second&lt;/i&gt;, India is concerned that under the present allocation system of naming, numbering and addressing resources on the Internet, it is impossible or at the very least, cumbersome to identify the countries to which IP address are allocated;&lt;a href="#_ftn3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Third&lt;/i&gt;, India finds it insecure from the point of view of national security that traffic originating and terminating in the same country (domestic traffic) often routes through networks overseas;&lt;a href="#_ftn4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; similarly, local address resolution also routes through IP addresses outside the country or region, which India finds troubling.&lt;a href="#_ftn5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In an effort to address these concerns, the Draft Resolution seeks to instruct the ITU Secretary General:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="text-align: justify; "&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;First&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;to develop and recommend a ‘traffic routing plan’ that can “&lt;i&gt;effectively ensure the traceability of communication&lt;/i&gt;”;&lt;a href="#_ftn6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Second&lt;/i&gt;, to collaborate with relevant international and intergovernmental organisations to develop an&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;“&lt;i&gt;IP address plan&lt;/i&gt;”&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;which facilitates identification of locations/countries to which IP addresses are allocated and coordinates allocation accordingly;&lt;a href="#_ftn7"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Third&lt;/i&gt;, to develop and recommend “&lt;i&gt;a public telecom network architecture&lt;/i&gt;” that localizes both routing&lt;a href="#_ftn8"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt; as well as address resolution&lt;a href="#_ftn9"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt; for local/domestic traffic to “&lt;i&gt;within the country&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Admittedly, our Draft Resolution is intended to pave a way for “&lt;i&gt;systematic, fair and equitable allocation&lt;/i&gt;” of, &lt;i&gt;inter alia&lt;/i&gt;, naming, numbering and addressing resources,&lt;a href="#_ftn10"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt; keeping in mind security and human rights concerns.&lt;a href="#_ftn11"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt; In an informal conversation, members of the Indian delegation echoed these sentiments. Our resolution does not, I was told, raise issues about the “&lt;i&gt;concentration of control over Internet resources&lt;/i&gt;”, though “&lt;i&gt;certain governments&lt;/i&gt;” have historically exercised more control. It also does not, he clarified, wish to make privacy or human rights a matter for discussion at the ITU. All that the Draft Resolution seeks to do is to equip the ITU with the mandate to prepare and recommend a “&lt;i&gt;roadmap for the systematization&lt;/i&gt;” of allocation of naming, numbering and addressing resources, and for local routing of domestic traffic and address resolution. The framework for such mandate is that of security, given the ITU’s role in ‘building confidence and security in the use of ICTs’ under Action Line C5 of the &lt;a href="http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/poa.html"&gt;Geneva Plan of Action&lt;/a&gt;, 2003.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Unfortunately, the text of our Draft Resolution, by dint of imprecision or lack of clarity, undermines India’s intentions. On three issues of utmost importance to the Internet, the Draft Resolution has unintended or unanticipated impacts. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;First&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, its text on tracing communication and identity of originators, and systematic allocation of identifiable IP address blocks to particular countries, has impacts on privacy and freedom of expression. Given Edward Snowden’s &lt;a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/nov/01/snowden-nsa-files-surveillance-revelations-decoded"&gt;NSA files&lt;/a&gt; and the absence of adequate protections against government incursions or excesses into privacy,&lt;a href="#_ftn12"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt; either in international human rights law or domestic law, such text is troublesome. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Second&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it has the potential to undermine multi-stakeholder approaches to Internet governance by proposing text that refers almost exclusively to sovereign monopolies over Internet resource allocation, and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;finally&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, displays a certain disregard for network architecture and efficiency, and to principles of a free, open and unified Internet, when it seeks to develop global architecture that facilitates (domestic) localization of traffic-routing, address resolution and allocation of naming, numbering and addressing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;In this post, I will address the first concern of human rights implications of our Draft Resolution.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Unintended Implications for Privacy and Freedom of Expression:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;India’s Draft Resolution has implications for individual privacy. At two different parts of the preamble, India expresses concerns with the impossibility of locating the user at the end of an IP address:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="text-align: justify; "&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pream. §(e): “&lt;i&gt;recognizing&lt;/i&gt;… that the modern day packet networks, which at present have many security weaknesses, &lt;i&gt;inter alia&lt;/i&gt;, camouflaging the identity of originator of the communication”;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pream. §(h): “&lt;i&gt;recognizing&lt;/i&gt;… that IP addresses are distributed randomly, that makes the tracing of communication difficult”.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;The concerns here surround difficulties in tracking IP addresses due to the widespread use of NATs, as also the existence of IP anonymisers like Tor. Anonymisers like Tor permit individuals to cover their online tracks; they conceal user location and Internet activity from persons or governments conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis. For this reason, Tor has caused much discomfort to governments. &lt;a href="http://www.wired.com/2014/10/laura-poitras-crypto-tools-made-snowden-film-possible/"&gt;Snowden used Tor&lt;/a&gt; while communicating with Laura Poitras. Bradley (now Chelsea) Manning of Wikileaks fame is&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/maurer-dp-2011-10-wikileaks-final.pdf"&gt;reported&lt;/a&gt; to have used Tor (page 24). Crypto is increasingly the safest – perhaps the only safe – avenue for political dissidents across the world; even Internet companies were &lt;a href="http://gizmodo.com/the-nsa-was-going-to-fine-yahoo-250k-a-day-if-it-didnt-1633677548"&gt;coerced&lt;/a&gt; into governmental compliance. No wonder, then, that governments are doing all they can to dismantle IP anonymisers: the &lt;a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/10/nsa-repeatedly-tries-to-unpeel-tor-anonymity-and-spy-on-users-memos-show/"&gt;NSA&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.itproportal.com/2013/10/04/nsa-and-gchq-repeatedly-tried-infiltrate-tor-documents-reveal/"&gt;GCHQ&lt;/a&gt; have tried to break Tor; the Russian government has &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-29/putin-sets-110-000-bounty-for-cracking-tor-as-anonymous-internet-usage-in-russia-surges.html"&gt;offered a reward&lt;/a&gt; to anyone who can.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Far be it from me to defend Tor blindly. There are reports &lt;a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/nsa-gchq-attack-tor-network-encryption"&gt;suggesting&lt;/a&gt; that Tor is being &lt;a href="http://news.softpedia.com/news/Tor-Attracts-More-and-More-Cybercriminals-Experts-Warn-430659.shtml"&gt;used by offenders&lt;/a&gt;, and not merely those of the Snowden variety. But governments must recognize the very obvious trust deficit they face, especially after &lt;a href="http://www.statewatch.org/news/2014/may/ep-LIBE-Inquiry-NSA-Surveillance.pdf"&gt;Snowden’s revelations&lt;/a&gt;, and consider the implications of seeking traceability and identity/geolocation for every IP address, in a systematic manner. The implications are for privacy, a right guaranteed by Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Privacy has been &lt;a href="http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/UNGA_upload_0.pdf"&gt;recognized&lt;/a&gt; by the UN General Assembly as applicable in cases of surveillance, interception and data collection, in Pream. §4 of its resolution &lt;i&gt;The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age&lt;/i&gt;. But many states do not have robust privacy protections for individuals and data. And while governments may state the necessity to create international policy to further effective criminal investigations, such an aim cannot be used to nullify or destroy the rights of privacy and free speech guaranteed to individuals. Article 5(1), ICCPR, codifies this principle, when it states that States, groups or persons may not “&lt;i&gt;engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms recognized herein…&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;Erosion of privacy has a chilling effect on free speech [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/376/254"&gt;New York Times v. Sullivan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, 376 U.S. 254], so free speech suffers too. Particularly with regard to Tor and identification of IP address location and users, anonymity in Internet communications is at issue. At the moment, most states already have anonymity-restrictions, in the form of identification and registration for cybercafés, SIM cards and broadband connections. For instance, Rule 4 of India’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/GSR315E_10511(1).pdf"&gt;Information Technology (Guidelines for Cyber Cafe) Rules, 2011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;, mandates that we cannot not use computers in a cybercafé without establishing our identities. But our ITU Draft Resolution seeks to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;dismantle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; the ability of Internet users to operate anonymously, be they political dissidents, criminals or those merely acting on their expectations of privacy. Such dismantling would be both violative of international human rights law, as well as dangerous for freedom of expression and privacy in principle. Anonymity is integral to democratic discourse, held the US Supreme Court in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/93-986.ZO.html"&gt;McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; [514 U.S. 334 (1995)].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftn13"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; Restrictions on Internet anonymity facilitate communications surveillance and have a chilling effect on the free expression of opinions and ideas, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session23/A.HRC.23.40_EN.pdf"&gt;wrote Mr. Frank La Rue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (¶¶ 48-49).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;So a law or international policy for blanket identification and traceability of IP addresses has grave consequences for and &lt;i&gt;prima facie &lt;/i&gt;violates privacy, anonymity and freedom of speech. But these rights are not absolute, and can be validly restricted. And because these human rights are implicated, the ITU with its lack of expertise in the area may not be the adequate forum for discussion or study.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;To be valid and justified interference, any law, policy or order interfering with privacy and free speech must meet the standards of reasonableness and proportionality, even if national security were the government’s legitimate aim, laid down in Articles 19(3) and 17 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/html/vws488.htm"&gt;Toonen v. Australia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Communication No. 488/1992, U.N. Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 (1994), ¶6.4]. And as the European Court of Human Rights found in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-76586"&gt;Weber &amp;amp; Saravia v. Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; [Application no. 54934/00, 29 June 2006 (ECHR), ¶95], law or executive procedure that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;enables&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; surveillance without sufficient safeguards is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;prima facie&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; unreasonable and disproportionate. Re: anonymity, in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-126635"&gt;Delfi AS v. Estonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; [Application no. 64569/09, 17 February 2014, ¶83], while considering the liability of an Internet portal for offensive anonymous comments, the ECHR has emphasized the importance of balancing freedom of expression and privacy. It relied on certain principles such as “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;contribution to a debate of general interest, subject of the report, the content, form and consequences of the publication&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;” to test the validity of government’s restrictions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;The implications of the suggested text of India’s Draft Resolution should then be carefully thought out. And this is a good thing. For one must wonder why governments need perfect traceability, geolocation and user identification for &lt;i&gt;all&lt;/i&gt; IP addresses. Is such a demand really different from mass or blanket surveillance, in scale and government tracking ability? Would this not tilt the balance of power strongly in favour of governments against individuals (citizens or non-citizens)? This fear must especially arise in the absence of domestic legal protections, both in human rights, and criminal law and procedure. For instance, India’s Information Technology Act, 2000 (amended in 2008) has Section 66A, which criminalizes offensive speech, as well as speech that causes annoyance or inconvenience. Arguably, arrests under Section 66A have been &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Man-arrested-for-allegedly-sending-offensive-MMS-against-Modi-confirmed-innocent-by-police-released/articleshow/35624351.cms"&gt;arbitrary&lt;/a&gt;, and traceability may give rise to a host of new worries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span&gt;In any event, IP addresses and users can be discerned under existing domestic law frameworks. Regional Internet Registries (RIR) such as APNIC allocate blocks of IP addresses to either National Internet Registries (NIR – such as IRINN for India) or to ISPs directly. The ISPs then allocate IP addresses dynamically to users like you and me. Identifying information for these ISPs is maintained in the form of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.irinn.in/whoisSearchform.action"&gt;WHOIS records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="file://localhost/pub/stats/apnic"&gt;registries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; with RIRs or NIRs, and this information is public. ISPs of most countries require identifying information from users before Internet connection is given, i.e., IP addresses allocated (mostly by dynamic allocation, for that is more efficient). ISPs of some states are also regulated; in India, for instance, ISPs require a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dot.gov.in/licensing/data-services"&gt;licence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; to operate and offer services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;If any government wished, on the basis of some reasonable cause, to identify a particular IP address or its user, then the government could first utilize WHOIS to obtain information about the ISP. Then ISPs may be ordered to release specific IP address locations and user information under executive or judicial order. There are also technical solutions, such as &lt;a href="http://traceroute.monitis.com/"&gt;traceroute&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://ip-lookup.net/"&gt;IP look-up&lt;/a&gt; that assist in tracing or identifying IP addresses. Coders, governments and law enforcement must surely be aware of better technology than I.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;If we take into account this possibility of geolocation of IP addresses, then the Draft Resolution’s motivation to ‘systematize’ IP address allocations on the basis of states is unclear. I will discuss the implication of this proposal, and that of traffic and address localization, in my next post.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr size="1" style="text-align: justify; " width="33%" /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; Pream. §(e), Draft Resolution: “recognizing… that the modern day packet networks, which at present have many security weaknesses, inter alia, camouflaging the identity of originator of the communication”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; Pream. §(h), Draft Resolution: “recognizing… that IP addresses are distributed randomly, that makes the tracing of communication difficult”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Op. §1, Draft Resolution: “instructs the Secretary General… to collaborate with all stakeholders including International and intergovernmental organizations, involved in IP addresses management to develop an IP address plan from which IP addresses of different countries are easily discernible and coordinate to ensure distribution of IP addresses accordingly”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; Pream. §(g), Draft Resolution: “recognizing… that communication traffic originating and terminating in a country also many times flows outside the boundary of a country making such communication costly and to some extent insecure from national security point of view”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; Pream. §(f), Draft Resolution: “recognizing… that even for local address resolution at times, system has to use resources outside the country which makes such address resolution costly and to some extent insecure from national security perspective”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; Op. §6, Draft Resolution: “instructs the Secretary General… to develop and recommend a routing plan of traffic for optimizing the network resources that could effectively ensure the traceability of communication”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref7"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt; Op. §1, Draft Resolution; &lt;i&gt;see&lt;/i&gt; note 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref8"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt; Op. §5, Draft Resolution: “instructs the Secretary General… to develop and recommend public telecom network architecture which ensures that effectively the traffic meant for the country, traffic originating and terminating in the country remains within the country”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref9"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt; Op. §4, Draft Resolution: “instructs the Secretary General… to develop and recommend public telecom network architecture which ensures effectively that address resolution for the traffic meant for the country, traffic originating and terminating in the country/region takes place within the country”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref10"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt; Context Note to Draft Resolution, ¶3: “Planning and distribution of numbering and naming resources in a systematic, equitable, fair and just manner amongst the Member States…”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref11"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt; Context Note to Draft Resolution, ¶2: “…there are certain areas that require critical attention to move in the direction of building the necessary “Trust Framework” for the safe “Information Society”, where privacy, safety are ensured”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref12"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;See, for instance&lt;/i&gt;, Report of the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (“OHCHR”), &lt;i&gt;Right to Privacy in the Digital Age&lt;/i&gt;, A/HRC/27/37 (30 June 2014), ¶34-35, &lt;a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session27/Documents/A.HRC.27.37_en.pdf"&gt;http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session27/Documents/A.HRC.27.37_en.pdf&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;See esp. &lt;/i&gt;note 30 of the Report, ¶35.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref13"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt; Many thorny political differences exist between the US and many states (including India and Kenya, who I am told has expressed preliminary support for the Draft Resolution) with regard to Internet governance. Irrespective of this, the US Constitution’s First Amendment and judicial protections to freedom of expression remain a yardstick for many states, including India. India, for instance, has positively referred to the US Supreme Court’s free speech protections in many of its decisions; &lt;i&gt;ex. see&lt;/i&gt; Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 1963 Cri. L.J. 329; R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1995 SC 264.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/good-intentions-going-awry-i-why-india2019s-proposal-at-the-itu-is-troubling-for-internet-freedoms'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/good-intentions-going-awry-i-why-india2019s-proposal-at-the-itu-is-troubling-for-internet-freedoms&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>Cryptography</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Privacy</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Cybersecurity</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Internet Governance</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Chilling Effect</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Multi-stakeholder</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Anonymity</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>ITU</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2014-11-02T15:13:45Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-26-27-2014">
    <title>FOEX Live: May 26-27, 2014</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-26-27-2014</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;A selection of news from across India implicating online freedom of expression and use of digital technology&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Media reports across India are focusing on the new government and its Cabinet portfolios. In the midst of the celebration of and grief over the regime change, we found many reports indicating that civil society is wary of the new government’s stance towards Internet freedoms.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Andhra Pradesh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Andhra MLA and All India Majlis-e-Ittihad ul-Muslimin member Akbaruddin Owaisi &lt;a href="http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/court-summons-owaisi-312"&gt;has been summoned to appear&lt;/a&gt; before a Kurla magistrate’s court on grounds of alleged hate speech and intention to harm harmony of Hinduism and Islam. Complainant Gulam Hussain Khan saw an online video of a December 2012 speech by Owaisi and filed a private complaint with the court. “&lt;i&gt;I am prima facie satisfied that it disclosed an offence punishable under Section(s) 153A and 295A of the Indian Penal Code&lt;/i&gt;,” the Metropolitan Magistrate said.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Goa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Goa Sessions Judge &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Comments-of-Devu-Chodankar-prima-facie-offensive-Judge/articleshow/35612485.cms"&gt;has dismissed&lt;/a&gt; shipbuilding diploma engineer Devu Chodankar’s application for anticipatory bail. On the basis of an April 26 complaint by CII state president Atul Pai Kane, Goa cybercrime cell registered a case against Chodankar for allegedly posting matter on a Facebook group with the intention of promoting enmity between religious groups in view of the 2014 general elections. The Judge noted, &lt;i&gt;inter alia&lt;/i&gt;, that Sections 153A and 295A of the Indian Penal Code were attracted, and that it is necessary to find out whether, on the Internet, “&lt;i&gt;there is any other material which could be considered as offensive or could create hatred among different classes of citizens of India&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Karnataka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Syed Waqas, an MBA student from Bhatkal pursuing an internship in Bangalore, was &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/student-from-bhatkal-held-for-antimodi-mms/article6047440.ece"&gt;picked up for questioning&lt;/a&gt; along with four of his friends after Belgaum social activist Jayant Tinaikar filed a complaint. The cause of the complaint was a MMS, allegedly derogatory to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. After interrogation, the Khanapur (Belgaum) police let Waqas off on the ground that Waqas was &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/waqas-let-off-after-questioning/article6052077.ece"&gt;not the originator&lt;/a&gt; of the MMS, and that Mr. Tinaikar had &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mms-case-complainant-gave-incorrect-number/article6052079.ece"&gt;provided an incorrect mobile phone number&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In another part of the country, &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/digvijaya_28/status/470755694488977408"&gt;Digvijaya Singh is vocal&lt;/a&gt; about Indian police’s zealous policing of anti-Modi comments, while they were &lt;a href="http://www.sahilonline.org/english/newsDetails.php?cid=3&amp;amp;nid=24840"&gt;all but visible&lt;/a&gt; when former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh was the target of abusive remarks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Kerala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Anti-Piracy Cell of Kerala Police &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/crackdown-on-sale-of-smut/article6049136.ece"&gt;plans to target&lt;/a&gt; those uploading pornographic content on to the Internet and its sale through memory cards. A circular to this effect has been issued to all police stations in the state, and civil society cooperation is requested.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In other news, Ernakulam MLA Hibi Eden &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/your-mla-is-just-a-phone-call-away/article6039644.ece"&gt;inaugurated “Hibi on Call”&lt;/a&gt;, a public outreach programme that allows constituents to reach the MLA directly. A call on 1860 425 1199 registers complaints.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Maharashtra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mumbai police are investigating &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-police-seeks-explanation-on-drone-pizza-delivery/article6043644.ece"&gt;pizza delivery by an unmanned drone&lt;/a&gt;, which they consider a security threat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Tamil Nadu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Small and home-run businesses in Chennai &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/with-technology-small-businesses-have-big-reach/article6050497.ece?homepage=true"&gt;are flourishing&lt;/a&gt; with the help of Whatsapp and Facebook: Mohammed Gani helps his customers match bangles with Whatsapp images, Ayeesha Riaz and Bhargavii Mani send cakes and portraits to Facebook-initiated customers. Even doctors &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/doctors-on-call-in-social-media-platforms-too/article5951628.ece"&gt;spread&lt;/a&gt; information and awareness using Facebook. In Madurai, you can &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/groceries-just-a-click-away/article6052163.ece"&gt;buy groceries&lt;/a&gt; online, too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Opinion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chethan Kumar fears that Indian cyberspace &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Online-free-speech-hangs-by-a-thread/articleshow/35624481.cms"&gt;is strangling freedom of expression&lt;/a&gt; through the continued use of the ‘infamous’ &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/resources/section-66A-information-technology-act"&gt;Section 66A&lt;/a&gt; of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (as amended in 2008). Sunil Garodia &lt;a href="http://www.theindianrepublic.com/tbp/obnoxious-sec-66a-it-act-must-go-100037442.html"&gt;expresses similar concerns&lt;/a&gt;, noting a number of arrests made under Section 66A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, Ankan Bose has a different take; &lt;a href="http://indiaspeaksnow.com/freedom-speech-cant-interpreted-freedom-threaten/"&gt;he believes&lt;/a&gt; there is a thin but clear line between freedom of expression and a ‘freedom to threaten’, and believes Devu Chodankar and Syed Waqar may have crossed that line. For more on Section 66A, please redirect &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/breaking-down-section-66-a-of-the-it-act"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While Nikhil Pahwa &lt;a href="http://www.medianama.com/2014/05/223-ravi-shankar-prasad-telecom/"&gt;is cautious of the new government’s stance&lt;/a&gt; towards Internet freedoms, given the (as yet) mixed signals of its ministers, Shaili Chopra &lt;a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-from-namo-to-pmo-narendra-modi-and-the-political-power-of-social-media-1991493"&gt;ruminates&lt;/a&gt; on the new government’s potential dive into a “digital mutiny and communications revolution” and wonders about Modi’s social media management strategy. For &lt;i&gt;Kashmir Times&lt;/i&gt; reader Hardev Singh, even Kejriwal’s arrest for allegedly defaming Nitin Gadkari &lt;a href="http://www.kashmirtimes.com/newsdet.aspx?q=32715"&gt;will lead to a chilling effect&lt;/a&gt; on freedom of expression.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Elsewhere, the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/allaboutnarendramodi/narendra-modi-takes-oath-as-pm-what-ht-readers-want-from-new-prime-minister/article1-1223119.aspx"&gt;Hindustan Times is intent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; on letting Prime Minister Narendra Modi know that his citizens demand their freedom of speech and expression. Civil society and media all over India &lt;a href="http://exitopinionpollsindia.blogspot.in/2014/05/as-freedom-of-expression-in-india-is.html"&gt;express their concerns&lt;/a&gt; for their freedom of expression in light of the new government.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-26-27-2014'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-26-27-2014&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>IPC</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Social Media</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>FOEX Live</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>IT Act</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Transparency, Politics</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2014-05-27T12:42:51Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/accountability-of-icann-1">
    <title>Accountability of ICANN</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/accountability-of-icann-1</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;Smarika Kumar's post on submissions to NETmundial&lt;/b&gt;
        
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/accountability-of-icann-1'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/accountability-of-icann-1&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>


   <dc:date>2014-05-28T10:45:54Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>File</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-28-29-2014">
    <title>FOEX Live: May 28-29, 2014</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-28-29-2014</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;A selection of news from across India with a bearing on online freedom of expression and use of digital technology&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Media focus on the new government and its ministries and portfolios has been extensive, and to my knowledge, few newspapers or online sources have reported violations of freedom of speech. However, on his first day in office, the new I&amp;amp;B Minister, Prakash Javadekar, &lt;a href="http://www.sahilonline.org/english/newsDetails.php?cid=3&amp;amp;nid=24880"&gt;acknowledged the importance of press freedom&lt;/a&gt;, avowing that it was the “&lt;i&gt;essence of democracy&lt;/i&gt;”. He has assured that the new government &lt;a href="http://www.firstpost.com/politics/press-freedom-will-not-be-curbed-under-modi-ib-minister-javadekar-1546291.html"&gt;will not interfere&lt;/a&gt; with press freedom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Assam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A FICCI discussion in Guwahati, attended among others by Microsoft and Pricewaterhouse Coopers, focused on the &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/FICCI-seminar-focuses-on-IT-role-in-governance/articleshow/35669912.cms"&gt;role of information technology in governance&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Goa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following the furore over allegedly inflammatory, ‘hate-mongering’ Facebook posts by shipping engineer Devu Chodankar, a group of &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Goa/Goan-netizens-form-watchdog-forum/articleshow/35691042.cms"&gt;Goan netizens formed a ‘watchdog forum’&lt;/a&gt; to police “&lt;i&gt;inappropriate and communally inflammatory content&lt;/i&gt;” on social media. Diana Pinto feels, however, that some ‘compassion and humanism’ ought to have &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Stern-warning-better-option-than-FIR-in-Devu-case/articleshow/35691253.cms?intenttarget=no"&gt;prompted only a stern warning&lt;/a&gt; in Devu Chodankar’s case, and not a FIR.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Karnataka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Man-arrested-for-allegedly-sending-offensive-MMS-against-Modi-confirmed-innocent-by-police-released/articleshow/35624351.cms"&gt;Syed Waqar was released&lt;/a&gt; by Belgaum police after questioning revealed he was a recipient of the anti-Modi MMS. The police are still tracing the original sender.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Madhya Pradesh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cases of Shaheen Dhada and Rinu Srinivasan, and recently of Syed Waqar and Devu Chodankar have left &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Cautious-Indore-netizens-play-safe/articleshow/35661073.cms"&gt;Indore netizens overly cautious&lt;/a&gt; about “&lt;i&gt;posting anything recklessly on social media&lt;/i&gt;”. Some feel it is a blow to democracy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Maharashtra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Navi Mumbai, the Karjat police &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Cops-probe-if-sexual-abuse-of-shelter-kids-was-filmed/articleshow/35690030.cms"&gt;seized several computers, hard disks and blank CDs&lt;/a&gt; from the premises of the Chandraprabha Charitable Trust in connection with an investigation into sexual abuse of children at the Trust’s school-shelter. The police seek to verify whether the accused recorded any obscene videos of child sexual abuse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Mumbai, even as filmmakers, filmgoers, artistes and LGBT people celebrated the Kashish Mumbai International Queer Film Festival, all &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/27/arts/international/a-gay-film-festival-in-india-strikes-a-chord.html"&gt;remained apprehensive&lt;/a&gt; of the new government’s social conservatism, and were aware that the films portrayed acts now illegal in India.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Manipur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the inauguration of the 42nd All Manipur Shumang Leela Festival, V.K. Duggal, State Governor and Chairman of the Manipur State Kala Akademi, warned that the art form was &lt;a href="http://kanglaonline.com/2014/05/digital-age-a-threat-to-shumang-leela-says-gov/"&gt;under threat in the digital age&lt;/a&gt;, as Manipuri films are replacing it in popularity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Rajasthan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following the lead of the Lok Sabha, the Rajasthan state assembly has &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Rajasthan-assembly-gets-digital-conference-system-to-keep-the-house-in-order/articleshow/35691967.cms"&gt;adopted a digital conference and voting system&lt;/a&gt; to make the proceedings in the House more efficient and transparent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Seemandhra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seemandhra Chief Minister designate N. Chandrababu Naidu &lt;a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/naidu-promises-a-cyberabad-again/article6053614.ece"&gt;promised&lt;/a&gt; a repeat of his hi-tech city miracle ‘Cyberabad’ in Seemandhra.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;West Bengal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;West Bengal government has hired PSU Urban Mass Transit Company Limited to &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/City-buses-to-go-hi-tech-soon/articleshow/35692438.cms"&gt;study, install and operationalize Intelligent Transport System&lt;/a&gt; in public transport in Kolkata. GPS will guide passengers about real-time bus routes and availability. While private telecom operators have offered free services to the transport department, there are no reports of an end-date or estimated expenditure on the project.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;News and Opinion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over a week ago, Avantika Banerjee &lt;a href="http://www.iltb.net/2014/05/internet-policy-india-direction-will-new-government-head/"&gt;wrote a speculative post&lt;/a&gt; on the new government’s stance towards Internet policy. At &lt;i&gt;Fair Observer&lt;/i&gt;, Gurpreet Mahajan &lt;a href="http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/the-politics-of-bans-limiting-the-freedom-of-speech-in-india-59018/"&gt;laments&lt;/a&gt; that community politics in India has made a lark of banning books.&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;India’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Cert-In-issues-security-warning-against-Internet-Explorer-8/articleshow/35632580.cms"&gt;has detected&lt;/a&gt; high-level virus activity in Microsoft’s Internet Explorer 8, and recommends upgrading to Explorer 11.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of the projected 400 million users that Twitter will have by 2018, &lt;a href="http://www.indiatimes.com/technology/internet/india-surpasses-uk-in-twitter-userbase-151212.html"&gt;India and Indonesia are expected to outdo&lt;/a&gt; the United Kingdom in user base. India saw nearly 60% growth in user base this year, and Twitter played a major role in Elections 2014. India will have &lt;a href="http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/india-have-third-largest-twitter-population-2014-246"&gt;over 18.1 million&lt;/a&gt; users by 2018.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Elsewhere in the world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Placing a bet on the ‘Internet of Everything’, Cisco CEO John Chambers &lt;a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-info-tech/cisco-chief-predicts-brutal-consolidation-in-the-technology-industry/article6051133.ece"&gt;predicted&lt;/a&gt; a “&lt;i&gt;brutal consolidation&lt;/i&gt;” of the IT industry in the next five years. A new MarketsandMarkets report &lt;a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/newmanager/worldwide-web-widens/article6054165.ece"&gt;suggests&lt;/a&gt; that the value of the ‘Internet of Things’ may reach US $1423.09 billion by 2020 at an estimated CAGR of 4.08% from 2014 to 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;China’s Xinhua News Agency &lt;a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/china-clamps-down-on-instant-messaging-services/article6056514.ece"&gt;announced its month-long campaign&lt;/a&gt; to fight “&lt;i&gt;infiltration from hostile forces at home and abroad&lt;/i&gt;” through instant messaging. Message providers WeChat, Momo, Mi Talk and Yixin have expressed their willingness to cooperate in targeting those engaging in fraud, or in spreading ‘rumours’, violence, terrorism or pornography. In March this year, &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/world/asia/china-cracks-down-on-instant-messaging-services/"&gt;WeChat deleted&lt;/a&gt; at least 40 accounts with political, economic and legal content.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thailand’s military junta interrupted national television broadcast &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-others/thai-red-shirts-freed-as-facebook-block-sows-panic/"&gt;to deny any role in an alleged Facebook-block&lt;/a&gt;. The site went down briefly and caused alarm among netizens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Snowden &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/world/americas/edward-snowden-no-relationship-with-russian-government/"&gt;continues to assure that he is not a Russian spy&lt;/a&gt;, and has no relationship with the Russian government.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-28-29-2014'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-may-28-29-2014&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>IT Act</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>FOEX Live</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Social Media</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2014-05-29T08:58:47Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/telecom/blog/otts-eating-into-our-revenue-telcos-in-india">
    <title>“OTTs Eating Into Our Revenue”: Telcos in India </title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/telecom/blog/otts-eating-into-our-revenue-telcos-in-india</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;On August 5, 2014, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India organised a seminar on a regulatory framework for Over-The-Top services. This is a lay discussion of the Seminar and its focus on matters crucial to telecom, the Internet and the existing regulatory framework.&lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;On  Tuesday, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) held a seminar  to initiate discussion on potential regulation of “over the top”  services (OTTs) in India. TRAI organized the seminar to “understand  perspectives of all stakeholders involved”, following grievances of  telcos that OTTs are eating into their revenues and free-riding on their  networks. In fact, a letter from the Cellular Operators Association of  India (COAI) to TRAI outlines these concerns excellently. The letter,  which I had the opportunity to see in print, objects that telcos take  the trouble of laying and maintaining networks, while rapidly  mushrooming OTTs eat into their revenue. Whatsapp, Skype and  alternatives to paid text-and-call find particular mention in the COAI’s  letter, and the COAI President Vikram Tiwathia was vociferous in his  iteration of operators’ concerns. With VOIP and other OTTs replacing  telco services, telcos are rapidly losing large parts of their revenue,  he said.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;I  don’t mean to brush their concerns aside, of course. However, there is a  need to consider in depth certain questions with statistical,  regulatory and principled exploration. As Dr. Rajat Kathuria of &lt;a href="http://www.icrier.org/"&gt;ICRIER&lt;/a&gt; said at the Seminar’s first session, we need to evaluate whether  there’s a need for regulation in the first place. This includes  exploring whether the answer lies in &lt;i&gt;deregulation&lt;/i&gt;, as Suhaan Mukerji of &lt;a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/plr-chambers"&gt;PLR Chambers&lt;/a&gt; and Subho Ray of &lt;a href="http://www.iamai.in/"&gt;IAMAI&lt;/a&gt; emphasized separately. Our solution, as Mr. Ray said, should not be to  chain the free OTTs just because we are in chains ourselves. Unchaining  telcos from their stringent licensing and other regulations may be more  appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;The  Seminar was attended by telcos, OTTs, civil society and other  stakeholders, and the frank exchange of views at the PHD Chamber of  Commerce was heartening. While telcos in the room were broadly open to  OTT innovation upon their networks (Mr. T.V. Ramachandran of &lt;i&gt;Vodafone&lt;/i&gt; was particularly vocal on this), there exists a broadly reactionary  loss-of-footing and apprehension over their current and projected  revenue loss. Mr. C.S. Rao of &lt;i&gt;Reliance&lt;/i&gt; was spot on when he said that telcos are afraid that what’s worked for them so far may not work in the future.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;We’ve  seen examples of such fear of incumbent operators before. In the early  1990s, the invention and spread of the Internet displaced appliancized,  bundled models of telco services, and telcos were similarly unwelcoming.  Indeed, AT&amp;amp;T went to court to fight the introduction of the  Carterfone. In India, the falling demand for VAS today, and OTT-response  to consumer demand, fosters such fear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;But  accounting for OTTs’ lack of consumer servicing or responsibility for  monetization models, what was of chief concern at the TRAI Seminar was  the predominant focus on revenue. Telco profitability and their  incentives for investment &lt;i&gt;are&lt;/i&gt; important. Increasing supply side  costs, with the government seeking to maximize revenue from spectrum  allocation and demands of lower consumer prices, &lt;i&gt;might&lt;/i&gt; be  throttling current telco business models. We’d need to analyse data  usage charges and projected mobile broadband penetration, in comparison  with voice penetration, to be clear about the extent of such  strangulation. But if the answer to failing telco business lies in  further regulation and potential strangling of innovation, that’s a  concern.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;That’s in two ways. &lt;i&gt;First&lt;/i&gt;,  it isn’t merely the NetFlix or Google or Apple that populate the app  economy. Raman Chima (ironically of Google) offered the example of  Slideshare in Okhla, Delhi as one of the many successful Indian  micro-multinationals. There are many others across India. &lt;i&gt;Second&lt;/i&gt;,  India’s current telecom regulatory model is unfit for a data/Internet  content model. There’s a need, Suhaan Mukerji and Mahesh Uppal of &lt;a href="http://in.linkedin.com/pub/com-first-india-pvt-ltd/76/268/186"&gt;ComFirst&lt;/a&gt; pointed out, to rethink our strict telecom licensing regime. We should begin to think, at least, of a vertically integrated &lt;i&gt;layered&lt;/i&gt; model of telecom regulation that regulates on the basis of &lt;i&gt;function&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;These  layers are integral to Internet architecture: network, transport,  application. OTTs lie at the application layer, while telcos operate at  the network and transport layers. It may be inefficient to utilize  failures at one layer to regulate or share revenue of companies at other  layers – that would stunt competition and innovation. A reconfigured  licensing regime, permitting telcos to innovate more (someone at the  Seminar said security clearances take years, while OTTs need no such  clearance) might be more efficient and beneficial for all stakeholders  involved – not least the disempowered individual consumers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;That’s my sense of the Seminar. Profitability and incentives are crucial. But they are crucial &lt;i&gt;insofar&lt;/i&gt; as they benefit consumers – with access, choice, freedom of speech,  security and privacy. Revenue sharing or partnership models, which were  mentioned far too many times by multiple speakers without &lt;i&gt;sufficient&lt;/i&gt; justification or elaboration, may not be ideal for any of us in the  long term. But these are issues we – and TRAI – should consider while  debating a regulatory framework.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Underlying infrastructure has an impact on our fundamental freedoms such as speech – the Supreme Court’s decisions in &lt;i&gt;Sakal Papers &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Express Newspapers&lt;/i&gt; makes that clear. Fast-paced innovation and the boundary-less benefits  of a single, interoperable Internet have pushed us to favour security  against freedoms. But every model we consider today – ad-based  monetization, big data analytics – have implications that the NSA’s  mass, cross-border surveillance has highlighted. Since TRAI is  rethinking our regulatory framework for telecom and the Internet – and I  envisage this going into a constructive consultation in the near future  – these issues must inform its analysis and conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align: justify; "&gt;For more, read &lt;a href="http://www.medianama.com/2014/08/223-siddhartha-roy-hungama-net-neutrality-ott-telecom/"&gt;Nikhil Pahwa’s report&lt;/a&gt; over at MediaNama.&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/telecom/blog/otts-eating-into-our-revenue-telcos-in-india'&gt;https://cis-india.org/telecom/blog/otts-eating-into-our-revenue-telcos-in-india&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>Telecom</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>TRAI, OTT</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2014-09-10T05:36:37Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-june-1-7-2014">
    <title>FOEX Live: June 1-7, 2014</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-june-1-7-2014</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;A weekly selection of news on online freedom of expression and digital technology from across India (and some parts of the world). &lt;/b&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Delhi NCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a legal notice from Dina Nath Batra, publisher Orient BlackSwan &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/its-batra-again-book-on-sexual-violence-in-ahmedabad-riots-is-set-aside-by-publisher/"&gt;“set aside… for the present”&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;Communalism and Sexual Violence: Ahmedabad Since 1969&lt;/i&gt; by Dr. Megha Kumar, citing the need for a “comprehensive assessment”. Dr. Kumar’s book is part of the ‘Critical Thinking on South Asia’ series, and studies communal and sexual violence in the 1969, 1985 and 2002 riots of Ahmedabad. Orient BlackSwan insists this is a pre-release assessment, while Dr. Kumar contests that her book went to print in March 2014 after extensive editing and peer review. Dina Nath Batra’s civil suit &lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/may/08/india-censorship-batra-brigade/"&gt;led Penguin India to withdraw&lt;/a&gt; Wendy Doniger’s &lt;i&gt;The Hindus: An Alternative History&lt;/i&gt; earlier this year.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Delhi Police’s Facebook page aimed at reaching out to Delhi residents hailing from the North East &lt;a href="http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jun0114/at044"&gt;proved to be popular&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Goa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Shipbuilding engineer Devu Chodankar’s &lt;a href="http://www.ifex.org/india/2014/06/02/anti_modi_comments/"&gt;ordeal continued&lt;/a&gt;. Chodankar, in a statement to the cyber crime cell of the Goa police, &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Police-question-Devu-Chodankar-on-Facebook-posts-for-over-5-hours/articleshow/35965869.cms"&gt;clarified&lt;/a&gt; that his allegedly inflammatory statements were directed against the induction of the Sri Ram Sene’s Pramod Muthalik into the BJP. Chodankar’s laptop, hard-disk and mobile Internet dongle were &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/goa-police-seizes-chodankars-laptop-dongle/article6075406.ece"&gt;seized&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Jammu &amp;amp; Kashmir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chief Minister Omar Abdullah announced the &lt;a href="http://www.onislam.net/english/news/asia-pacific/473153-youth-cheer-kashmirs-sms-ban-lift.html"&gt;withdrawal of a four-year-old SMS ban&lt;/a&gt; in the state. The ban was instituted in 2010 following widespread protests, and while it was lifted for post-paid subscribers six months later, pre-paid connections were banned from SMSes until now.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Maharashtra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-police-to-crack-whip-on-those-who-like-offensive-Facebook-posts/articleshow/35974198.cms?utm_source=twitter.com&amp;amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;amp;utm_campaign=timesofindia"&gt;In a move to contain public protests&lt;/a&gt; over ‘objectionable posts’ about Chhatrapati Shivaji, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the late Bal Thackeray (comments upon whose death &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-20490823"&gt;led to the arrests&lt;/a&gt; of Shaheen Dhada and Renu Srinivasan under Section 66A), Maharashtra police will take action against even those who “like” such posts. ‘Likers’ may be charged under the Information Technology Act and the Criminal Procedure Code, say Nanded police.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A young Muslim man was &lt;a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/muslim-techie-beaten-to-death-in-pune-7-men-of-hindu-outfit-held/"&gt;murdered&lt;/a&gt; in Pune, apparently connected to the online publication of ‘derogatory’ pictures of Chhatrapati Shivaji and Bal Thackarey. Members of Hindu extremists groups &lt;a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pune-techie-killed-sms-boasts-of-taking-down-first-wicket/article1-1226023.aspx"&gt;celebrated&lt;/a&gt; his murder, it seems. Pune’s BJP MP, Anil Shirole, &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Pune-techie-murder-BJP-MP-says-some-repercussions-to-derogatory-FB-post-natural/articleshow/36112291.cms"&gt;said&lt;/a&gt;, “some repercussions are natural”. Members of the Hindu Rashtra Sena &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/seven-rightwing-activists-held-over-techies-killing-in-pune/article6081812.ece"&gt;were held&lt;/a&gt; for the murder, but it seems that the photographs were uploaded from &lt;a href="http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140606/nation-crime/article/pune-techie-murder-fb-pictures-uploaded-foreign-ip-addresses"&gt;foreign IP addresses&lt;/a&gt;. Across Maharashtra, 187 rioting&lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Offensive-FB-posts-187-rioting-cases-filed-710-held/articleshow/36176283.cms"&gt;cases have been registered&lt;/a&gt; against a total of 710 persons, allegedly in connection with the offensive Facebook posts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On a lighter note, &lt;a href="http://post.jagran.com/what-bollywood-expects-from-new-ib-minister-1401860268"&gt;Bollywood hopes&lt;/a&gt; for a positive relationship with the new government on matters such as film censorship, tax breaks and piracy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;News &amp;amp; Opinion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Shocking the world, Vodafone &lt;a href="http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jun/06/vodafone-reveals-secret-wires-allowing-state-surveillance"&gt;reported&lt;/a&gt; the existence of secret, direct-access wires that enable government surveillance on citizens. India is among 29 governments that sought access to its networks, &lt;a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2651060/Unprecedented-terrifying-Scale-mobile-phone-snooping-uncovered-Vodaphone-reveals-government-requested-access-network.html"&gt;says Vodafone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&amp;amp;B Minister &lt;a href="http://www.exchange4media.com/55952_theres-no-need-for-the-govt-to-intervene-in-self-regulation-prakash-javadekar.html"&gt;Prakash Javadekar expressed his satisfaction&lt;/a&gt; with media industry self-regulation, and stated that while cross-media ownership is a &lt;a href="http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2014/06/05/146--Japan-to-ban-possession-of-child-pornography-except-comics-.html"&gt;matter for debate&lt;/a&gt;, it is the &lt;i&gt;legality&lt;/i&gt; of transactions such as the &lt;a href="http://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/biggest-problem-network18"&gt;Reliance-Network18 acquisition&lt;/a&gt; that is important.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nikhil Pahwa of &lt;i&gt;Medianama&lt;/i&gt; wrote of a &lt;a href="http://www.medianama.com/2014/06/223-right-to-be-forgotten-india/"&gt;‘right to be forgotten’ request they received&lt;/a&gt; from a user in light of the recent European Court of Justice &lt;a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/ecj-rules-internet-search-engine-operator-responsible-for-processing-personal-data-published-by-third-parties"&gt;ruling&lt;/a&gt;. The right raises a legal dilemma in India, &lt;i&gt;LiveMint&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.livemint.com/Industry/5jmbcpuHqO7UwX3IBsiGCM/Right-to-be-forgotten-poses-a-legal-dilemma-in-India.html"&gt;reports&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Medianama &lt;/i&gt;also &lt;a href="http://www.medianama.com/2014/06/223-maharashtra-police-warns-against-liking-objectionable-posts-on-facebook/"&gt;comments&lt;/a&gt; on Maharashtra police’s decision to take action against Facebook ‘likes’, noting that at the very least, a like and a comment do not amount to the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Hindu&lt;/i&gt; was scorching in its &lt;a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/no-tolerance-for-hate-crimes/article6090098.ece"&gt;editorial on the Pune murder&lt;/a&gt;, warning that the new BJP government stands to lose public confidence if it does not clearly demonstrate its opposition to religious violence. The &lt;i&gt;Times of India&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/PM-Modi-must-condemn-Sadique-Shaikhs-murder-and-repeal-draconian-Section-66A/articleshow/36114346.cms"&gt;agrees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sanjay Hegde &lt;a href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-01/news/50245814_1_blasphemy-laws-puns-speech"&gt;wrote&lt;/a&gt; of Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (as amended in 2008) as a medium-focused criminalization of speech. dnaEdit also &lt;a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/editorial-dnaedit-netizens-bugbear-1992826"&gt;published&lt;/a&gt; its criticism of Section 66A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ajit Ranade of the &lt;i&gt;Mumbai Mirror&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/columnists/ajit-ranade/Republic-of-hurt-sentiments/articleshow/36191142.cms"&gt;comments&lt;/a&gt; on India as a ‘republic of hurt sentiments’, criminalizing exercises of free speech from defamation, hate speech, sedition and Section 66A. But in this hurt and screaming republic, &lt;a href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Why-Dissent-Needs-to-Stay-Alive/2014/06/03/article2261386.ece1"&gt;dissent is crucial&lt;/a&gt; and must stay alive.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cyber security expert is of the opinion that the police find it &lt;a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-derogatory-post-difficult-to-block-on-networking-sites-cyber-security-experts-1993093"&gt;difficult to block webpages&lt;/a&gt; with derogatory content, as servers are located outside India. But &lt;a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/06/05/indias-snooping-and-snowden/"&gt;data localization will not help&lt;/a&gt; India, writes Jayshree Bajoria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dharma Adhikari &lt;a href="http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&amp;amp;news_id=76335"&gt;tries to analyze&lt;/a&gt; the combined impact of converging media ownership, corporate patronage of politicians and elections, and recent practices of forced and self-censorship and criminalization of speech.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Elsewhere in the world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Pakistan, Facebook &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Facebook-under-fire-for-blocking-pages-in-Pakistan/articleshow/36194872.cms"&gt;has been criticized&lt;/a&gt; for blocking pages of a Pakistani rock band and several political groups, primarily left-wing. Across the continent in Europe, Google &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tech/Tech-News/Googles-new-problem-in-Europe-A-negative-image/articleshow/35936971.cms"&gt;is suffering&lt;/a&gt; from a popularity dip.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The National Council for Peace and Order, the military government in Thailand, has taken over not only the government,&lt;a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/05/27/thailands-cybercoup/"&gt;but also controls the media&lt;/a&gt;. The military &lt;a href="http://www.ibtimes.com/thai-junta-calls-meetings-google-facebook-over-allegedly-anti-coup-content-photo-1593088"&gt;cancelled its meetings&lt;/a&gt; with Google and Facebook. Thai protesters &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/03/world/asia/thai-protesters-flash-hunger-games-salute-to-register-quiet-dissent.html"&gt;staged a quiet dissent&lt;/a&gt;. The Asian Human Rights Commission &lt;a href="http://www.humanrights.asia/news/forwarded-news/AHRC-FST-035-2014"&gt;condemned&lt;/a&gt; the coup. For an excellent take on the coup and its dangers, please redirect &lt;a href="http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2014/06/02/thailand%E2%80%99s-military-coup-tenuous-democracy"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. For a round-up of editorials and op-eds on the coup, redirect &lt;a href="http://asiancorrespondent.com/123345/round-up-of-op-eds-and-editorials-on-the-thai-coup/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;China &lt;a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/china-escalates-attack-on-google/articleshow/35993349.cms"&gt;has cracked down&lt;/a&gt; on Google, affecting Gmail, Translate and Calendar. It is speculated that the move is connected to the 25&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests and government reprisal. At the same time, a Tibetan filmmaker who was jailed for six years for his film, &lt;i&gt;Leaving Fear Behind&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/06/china-releases-tibetan-filmmaker-jail/"&gt;has been released&lt;/a&gt; by Chinese authorities. &lt;i&gt;Leaving Fear Behind &lt;/i&gt;features a series of interviews with Tibetans of the Qinghai province in the run-up to the controversial Beijing Olympics in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Japan looks set to &lt;a href="http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2014/06/05/146--Japan-to-ban-possession-of-child-pornography-except-comics-.html"&gt;criminalize&lt;/a&gt; possession of child pornography. According to reports, the proposed law does not extend to comics or animations or digital simulations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Egypt’s police is looking to build a &lt;a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/egypt-police-monitor-social-media-dissent-facebook-twitter-protest"&gt;social media monitoring system&lt;/a&gt; to track expressions of dissent, including “&lt;i&gt;profanity, immorality, insults and calls for strikes and protests&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Human rights activists &lt;a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/facebook-bashar-al-assad-campaign-syria-election"&gt;asked Facebook to deny its services&lt;/a&gt; to the election campaign of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, ahead of elections on June 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Call for inputs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Law Commission of India seeks comments from stakeholders and citizens on media law. The consultation paper may be found &lt;a href="http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/views/Consultation%20paper%20on%20media%20law.doc"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The final date for submission is June 19, 2014.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;____________________________________________________________________________________________________________&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For feedback and comments, Geetha Hariharan is available by email at &lt;span&gt;geetha@cis-india.org or on Twitter, where her handle is @covertlight. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-june-1-7-2014'&gt;https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/foex-live-june-1-7-2014&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>

    
        <dc:subject>IT Act</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Social Media</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Freedom of Speech and Expression</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Privacy</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>FOEX Live</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Surveillance</dc:subject>
    
    
        <dc:subject>Censorship</dc:subject>
    

   <dc:date>2014-06-07T13:33:45Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Blog Entry</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/HighLevelTrack.jpg">
    <title>High Level Track</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/HighLevelTrack.jpg</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;Opening Ceremony, WSIS+10 High Level Event&lt;/b&gt;
        
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/HighLevelTrack.jpg'&gt;https://cis-india.org/HighLevelTrack.jpg&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>


   <dc:date>2014-06-20T13:13:46Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Image</dc:type>
   </item>


    <item rdf:about="https://cis-india.org/copy_of_HighLevelTrack.jpg">
    <title>High Level Track</title>
    <link>https://cis-india.org/copy_of_HighLevelTrack.jpg</link>
    <description>
        &lt;b&gt;Opening Ceremony, WSIS+10 High Level Event&lt;/b&gt;
        
        &lt;p&gt;
        For more details visit &lt;a href='https://cis-india.org/copy_of_HighLevelTrack.jpg'&gt;https://cis-india.org/copy_of_HighLevelTrack.jpg&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <dc:publisher>No publisher</dc:publisher>
    <dc:creator>geetha</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights></dc:rights>


   <dc:date>2014-06-20T13:14:42Z</dc:date>
   <dc:type>Image</dc:type>
   </item>




</rdf:RDF>
