The Centre for Internet and Society
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These are the search results for the query, showing results 1411 to 1425.
Hacking, Modding & Making
https://cis-india.org/news/hacking-modding-making
<b>Seeber's electronics laboratory is a room in a unit he shares with his mother. Every available space is taken up with teetering towers of electronic parts, writes Brendan Shanahan for GQ.</b>
<p>Like subprime lending or the line at the motor registry, patent and copyright laws control all our lives but no one really understands them. In the world of DIY Tech, however, it is not a subject that can be ignored.</p>
<p>" If they are infringing on patents then it's a question you have to ask within the individual jurisdiction," says Abraham. "In many jurisdictions design many not have protection. Whether it's legal or illegal is an open question."</p>
<p>At its heart Abraham's argument is pragmatic: the developing world, especially China, is too big to stop. Companies can fight patent wars in every world territory, hire private detectives, pressure governments and prosecute consumers who buy rip-off products, but, ultimately, they won't win. The genie is out of the bottle.</p>
<p>"If something has been made technologically possible, we cannot make it illegal and hope that everyone will now pretend that this is no longer technologically possible," says Abraham. "We can't have the government checking everyone's iPod and laptop. The better move is to change the model."</p>
<p>Abraham has many suggestions for making copyright law more flexible to benefit manufacturers and consumers. One thing is certain: in a world in which Amazon, not even five years after the launch of the Kindle, is now selling more e-books than all hard copy books combined, and technology such as 3D printing will soon be standard, it would be unwise to cling to old certainities. The music industry may come to be regarded as merely the canary in a digital coalmine of failed industries.</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.brendanshanahan.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/modding-31.jpg">Read the full post here</a></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/news/hacking-modding-making'>https://cis-india.org/news/hacking-modding-making</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaPatentsAccess to Knowledge2012-04-09T09:51:41ZNews ItemResources
https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/resources
<b>A collection of resources that will help one navigate through the arguments and evidence for and against the Indian "Bayh-Dole" bill.</b>
<p><u><strong><br /></strong></u></p>
<h2><strong>PUPFIP</strong></h2>
<h3>News-related/General Coverage</h3>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/news/relook-at-publicfunded-r&d-bill-to-address-red-tape/376844/0">Relook at public-funded R&D Bill to
address red tape</a> (The Financial Express)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2008/12/01144901/CSIR-looks-at-commercializing.html">CSIR looks at commercializing, leasing
out patent</a> (Live Mint)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2008/02/exporting-bayh-dole-to-india-whither_21.html">Exporting Bayh-Dole to India: Whither Transparency Part II</a><span class="post-author"> (Shamnad Basheer)</span></p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://ww.scidev.net/es/science-and-innovation-policy/intellectual-property/news/proyecto-de-ley-de-patentes-suscita-debate-en-la-i.html">Indian Patent Bill stirs debate among scientists</a> (Science and Development Network)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/recommendations/legal.asp">Letter from the Knowledge Commission</a> (GoI)</p>
<h3>Scientific
Culture</h3>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://blogs.thehindu.com/delhi/?p=16251">Does Patenting research change the Culture of Science?</a> (The Hindu)</p>
<h3>Analytical Pieces<strong> </strong></h3>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/indian-patent-bill-let-s-not-be-too-hasty.html">Indian Patent Bill: Lets not be too Hasty</a>(Shamnad Basheer)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2008/11/01001052/Not-in-public-interest.html">Not in public interest</a>(Live Mint)<a class="external-link" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_6_128/ai_n32062853/"><br /></a></p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_6_128/ai_n32062853/">The Indian Public Funded IP Bill: Are we Ready?</a>(K. Satyanarayana)</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><strong>Bayh-Dole</strong></h2>
<h3>Technology
Transfer</h3>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=1476653">Innovation's Golden Goose </a>(The Economist)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?STORY_ID=10787664">Improving Innovation</a>(The Economist)</p>
<h3><strong>Scientific
Culture</strong></h3>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-129366990.html">Patents and America's Universities</a>(The Economist)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/technology/07unbox.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print">When Academia Puts Profits Ahead of Wonder</a>(The New York Times)</p>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=E1_VPNSGGT">Bayhing for blood or Doling out cash?</a>(The Economist)</p>
<h3>Evaluative
Pieces</h3>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/Thursby.pdf">University Licensing under Bayh-Dole: What are the Issues and
Evidence?</a>(Thursby and Thursby)</p>
<p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060262">Is Bayh-Dole Good for Developing Countries? Lessons from the US
Experience</a>(So et al.)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/09/19/8272884/index.htm">The Law of Unintended Consequences</a>(Fortune Magazine)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-41NCXY8-6/2/fa828bbd7705f51ffd8fcf60338daf16">The Growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities and the Bayh-Dole Act</a> (Mowery et al.)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5g.htm">Overall Assessment of the Bayh-Dole Act</a> (Nelson, Mowery, et al.)</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><strong>General Resources</strong></h2>
<p> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5b.htm">Joint Ventures and Intellectual Property</a>(Andreas Panagopoulos)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5c.htm">Patents vs. Other Knowledge Transfer</a>(Agrawal and Henderson)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5f.htm">Incentives Structure and Licensing Success</a>(Dan Elfenbein)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5e.htm">University Licensing and Research Behavior</a>(Lach and Schankerman)</p>
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5b.htm">Open Science and Private Property</a>(Paul David)
<p> <strong><br /></strong></p>
<h2><strong>IP Alternatives</strong><br /></h2>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040293">New Approaches to Filling the Gap in TB Drug Discovery </a>(Casenghi, Cole and Nathan)</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://keionline.org/misc-docs/Prizes/prize_tb_msf_expert_meeting.pdf">The Role of Prizes in Developing Low-Cost Point-of-Care Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Better Drugs for TB</a>(James Love)</p>
<p>How to boost R&D for essential drugs and diagnostics</p>
<p><a class="external-link" href="http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/333/7582/1279.pdf">Scrooge and intellectual property rights</a> (BMJ January 2006)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
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<div id="refHTML"> </div>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/resources'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/resources</a>
</p>
No publisherpraneshBayh-DoleAccess to KnowledgeAccess to MedicineOpen AccessPublic AccountabilityOpen Innovation2009-10-20T03:29:16ZPageArguments Against the PUPFIP Bill
https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/why-no-pupfip
<b>The Protection and Utilisation of Public Funded Intellectual Property Bill (PUPFIP Bill) is a new legislation being considered by Parliament, which was introduced in the 2008 winter session of the Rajya Sabha. It is modelled on the American Bayh-Dole Act (University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act) of 1980. On this page, we explore some of the reasons that the bill is unnecessary, and how it will be harmful if passed.</b>
<h2>Summary</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a title="How is the legislation unnecessary?" href="#how-is-the-legislation">How is the legislation
unnecessary?</a></h2>
<ol><li><a title="1) The Indian government
does not have vast reserves of underutilized patents, as the U.S. did
in 1980." href="#1-the-indian-government">The Indian government does not have vast reserves of underutilized patents, as the U.S. did in 1980.</a></li><li><a title="2) Technology transfer is very important, but pushing IPRs aggressively is not the best way of ensuring technology transfer." href="#2-technology-transfer-is">Technology transfer is very important, but pushing IPRs aggressively is not the best way of ensuring technology transfer.</a></li></ol>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a title="How is the legislation
harmful?" href="#how-is-the-legislation-1">How is the legislation
harmful?</a></h2>
<ol><li><a title="1) It's very foundation
is flawed and unproven: excessive patenting lead to gridlocks and
retard innovation." href="#1-it-s-very">Excessive patenting lead to
gridlocks and retards innovation.
</a></li><li><a title="2) The legislation makes
mandatory that which is optional now, and is anyway being followed in
many institutions." href="#2-the-legislation-makes">The legislation
makes mandatory that which is optional now, and is anyway being
followed in many institutions.</a></li><li><a title="3) Copyright, trademark,
etc., seem to be covered under the definition of public funded
IP." href="#3-copyright-trademark-etc">Copyright,
trademark, etc., seem to be covered under the definition of “public
funded IP”.</a></li><li><a title="4) It will result in
a form of double taxation for research, and will increase the consumer cost of
all products based on publicly-funded..." href="#4-it-will-result">It will result in
a form of double taxation for research, and will increase the consumer cost of
all products based on publicly-funded research.</a></li><li><a title="5) It could have
unintended consequences of varied kinds, including discouraging
fundamental research as well as discouraging industrial..." href="#5-it-could-have">It could have
unintended consequences of varied kinds, including discouraging
fundamental research as well as discouraging industrial research.</a></li><li><a title="6) Non-disclosure
requirements in the Bill restricts the dissemination of research within the academic community, and curtails freedom of..." href="#6-non-disclosure-requirements">Non-disclosure
requirements in the Bill restricts the dissemination of research within the academic community, and curtails freedom of speech.</a></li><li><a title="7) Exclusive licensing enables restriction on the dissemination of
academic research in the marketplace, and increase in cost of products..." href="#7-exclusive-licensing-enables">Exclusive
licensing enables restriction on the dissemination of academic research in the marketplace, and increase in cost of products based on public-funded research.</a><br /></li></ol>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h2 align="justify"><a title="Additional Resources" href="#additional-resources">Additional resources</a></h2>
<ul><li><a title="On the PUPFIP Bill" href="#on-the-pupfip-bill">On the PUPFIP Bill</a></li><li><a title="On Bayh-Dole" href="#on-bayh-dole">On Bayh-Dole</a></li></ul>
<h2 align="justify"><br /></h2>
<h2 align="justify">Arguments<br /></h2>
<h2 align="justify"><a name="how-is-the-legislation"></a>How is the legislation unnecessary?<br /></h2>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="1-the-indian-government"></a>1) The Indian government
does not have vast reserves of underutilized patents, as the U.S. did
in 1980.</h3>
<p align="justify">The idea behind the
Bayh-Dole Act was that the research funded by the government (and
owned, in the US, by the government) was being underutilized. In 1980, over 28,000 unlicensed patents lay with the U.S. government.[1] The Act shifted the title of such works
from the government to the University or small business that
conducted the research, thus allowing them to take out patents on the
research outputs. In India, under present laws, the researcher(s)
own the rights over their research whether they be government-funded
or not. Usually, due to employment contracts, the research
institutes already have the right to patent their inventions. Thus,
currently, there is no need for an enabling legislation in this
regard, as there was in the U.S. </p>
<p align="justify">In fact, currently, the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has over 5173 patents
(counting both those in force and those under dispute), while only
222 patents are licensed (with 68 of them being under dispute).
Thus, even with the IP being in the institute's hands, there is a
"problem" situation similar to that which necessitated
Bayh-Dole in the U.S. Thus, quite contrary to the aims of the Act,
further patenting will only lead to a situation of even more
underutilized patents.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="2-technology-transfer-is"></a>2) Technology transfer is very important, but pushing IPRs aggressively is not the best way of ensuring technology transfer.</h3>
<p align="justify">At a recent seminar held at NUJS Kolkata on
the PUPFIP Bill, it was revealed that while IIT-Kharagpur’s
TTO-equivalent (called the Sponsored Research & Industrial
Consultancy division - SRIC) currently handles over Rs.300 crores
through 850 projects, only around Rs. 5-15 crores (exact figures
weren't available) are currently made through its patent
portfolio.[2] Thus patents don't seem, on the face of things, to be the
best way of ensuring technology transfer. Indeed, the oft-cited 28,0000 unlicensed patents held by the U.S. government were composed primarily of patents for which industry had refused to take exclusive licences.[3]</p>
<p align="justify">Many contend that one of the most important functions of a patent is to get inventors to disclose their inventions rather than keep them as secrets. This reason for awarding a patent is invalidated if stronger protection is granted to trade secrets (no term limit, for instance) than for patents. Secondly, this reason for granting patents is not valid in case of government-funded research in academia and research
institutes. The culture of publication and the economy of reputation
are sufficient to ensure disclosure. Even without these intrinsic factors, there grant requirements can necessitate publication. If mere publication is believed to be insufficient, then the government would do well to ask for technology dissemination plans before grants are made. At any rate, monopoly rights in the form of patents are
thoroughly unnecessary.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="how-is-the-legislation-1"></a>How is the legislation
harmful?</h2>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="1-it-s-very"></a>1) Excessive patenting lead to gridlocks and
retard innovation.</h3>
<p align="justify">It sees protection of IPR
as the sole means of encouraging innovation and driving research to
the doorstep of consumers. The trend around the world is that of
exploring alternative forms of spurring innovation. Even in India,
CSIR has gone for an innovative "<a class="external-link" href="http://www.osdd.net/">Open Source Drug Discovery</a>"
project, which has proven very successful so far. Furthermore, recent literature shows that excessive
patenting is harming research and innovation by creating gridlocks.[4] If platform technologies and basic research (such as SNP) gets mired in patents, then the transaction costs increase (not only in terms of money, but more importantly in administrative terms). This ends up in research clearances getting blocked, and thus retards innovation. It must be remembered that intellectual property is not only an output, but also an input. The more aggressively the outputs are guarded and prevented from being shared, the more the inputs will be affected. The study of patent thickets and gridlocks has reached such a stage that the U.S. law has been changed to reflect this. Firstly, the Bayh-Dole Act was amended in 2000 to state that the objectives of the Bayh-Dole Act were to be carried out "without unduly encumbering future research and discovery". Now, the courts (in the <em>Bilski</em> case) have increased the standard of obviousness in patent law (which means that less patents will be granted). Furthermore, the U.S.P.T.O. and the U.S. Senate are currently considering means of overhauling the U.S. patent system, which many fear is close to breaking down due to over-patenting. All these are signs that the footsteps we are seeking to follow are themselves turning back.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="2-the-legislation-makes"></a>2) The legislation makes
mandatory that which is optional now, and is anyway being followed in
many institutions.</h3>
<p align="justify">While the CSIR labs
pursue patents aggressively, they also run the OSSD project. The latter
might not be permissible if the Act is passed as it stands.
Furthermore, this would increase the number of underutilized patents,
which is a problem faced currently by CSIR, which has had an
aggressive patent policy since the 1990s. Unlicensed patents constitute around 93% of CSIR's total patent portfolio. (In contrast, MIT averages
around 50% licensing of patents.) If aggressive patenting is made mandatory, it adds substantially to administrative costs of all institutes which receive any grants from the government. These institutes might not be large enough to merit a dedicated team of professionals to handle</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="3-copyright-trademark-etc"></a>3) Copyright, trademark,
etc., seem to be covered under the definition of "public funded
IP".</h3>
<p align="justify">This leads to a ridiculous need to attempt to commercialise
all government-funded research literature (and the government funds
science research, social sciences, arts, etc.). Furthermore, while the definition of "public funded IP" includes copyrights, trademarks, etc., yet the substantive provisions seem to only include those forms of IP which have to be registered compulsorily (copyright and trademark don't -- copyright comes into existence when an original work is expressed in a medium, and trademark can come into existence by use). Importantly, seeking to commercialise all copyrighted works of research would hamper
the movement for open access to scholarly literature. The inititative towards open access to scholarly literature is something that National Knowledge Commission has recommended, and is a move that would result in increased dissemination of public-funded research, which seems to be an aim of the PUPFIP Bill as well.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="4-it-will-result"></a>4) It will result in
a form of double taxation for research, and will increase the consumer cost of
all products based on publicly-funded research.</h3>
<p align="justify">This bill would increase the
consumer cost of all products based on publicly-funded research,
because of the additional burden of patent royalties. </p>
<p align="justify">Public funds research -> Institute patents research -> Pharma MNC gets exclusive license over research -> Drug reaches market.</p>
<p align="justify">Assuming an exclusive licence: Cost of the drug = cost of manufacturing, storage, etc. + <em>mark-up (monopolistic) cost</em> + <em>cost of licence</em>.</p>
<p align="justify">Thus, in
effect, the public has to pay twice for the research: it pays once to enable the
scientist to conduct the research, and once again in the form of royalties to have that research brought to the marketplace. </p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="5-it-could-have"></a>5) It could have
unintended consequences of varied kinds, including discouraging
fundamental research as well as discouraging industrial research.</h3>
<p align="justify">The former could happen since
institutions and individual scientists have a financial incentive to
<a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/2003_5b.htm">shift their focus away from fundamental research</a>; the latter,
conversely, because the filings and bureaucracy involved <a class="external-link" href="http://www.spicyip.com/docs/ppt-premnath-pdf.pdf">could drive
scientists away from reporting or even engaging in industrial
research</a> [pdf]. Faculty and researcher involvement in the business of
licensing is a sub-optimal usage of their talents, and there are
scientists who would rather stay away from business (as is shown by
the intake of former industry-researchers into government-funded labs
such as those of CSIR).</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="6-non-disclosure-requirements"></a>6) Non-disclosure
requirements in the Bill restricts the dissemination of research within the academic community, and curtails freedom of speech.<br /></h3>
<p align="justify">This will bring about a shift in science and research which is always done upon others' work. This is why in the U.S., the National Institute of Health (N.I.H.) has sought to ensure (without any legal authority) that it only finances that research that on single nucleotide polymorphism (S.N.P.) which is not patented, and is shared freely amongst scholars. Since this requirement of the N.I.H.'s does not have any legal backing (since it is contradictory to the Bayh-Dole Act), institutions are free to get the grant from N.I.H. and then go ahead and patent their inventions.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h3 align="justify"><a name="7-exclusive-licensing-enables"></a>7) Exclusive licensing enables restriction on the dissemination of
academic research in the marketplace, and increase in cost of products
based on public-funded research.</h3>
<p>The bill allows for both assignment of licences as well as exclusive licences. Both of these enable monopolistic pricing to be undertaken by the licensee/assignee. There are not even any mechanisms in the Act to ensure, for instance, that a public call is made to ascertain that no parties are willing to consider a non-exclusive licence. Patents are generally said to grant a monopoly right because of the opportunity to recover costs of research and development. When the research is being done by public-funded money, there is no justification for monopoly rights on that research, since there are no excessive costs to recover.</p>
<p> </p>
<p align="justify">Footnotes:</p>
<p align="justify">[1] See <a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060262">So et al.</a> and <a class="external-link" href="http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/Thursby.pdf">Thursby and Thursby</a>, quoted in the <a class="external-link" href="http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/recommendations/LegislationPM.pdf">National Knowledge Commission's letter to the Prime Minister</a>.</p>
<p align="justify">[2] See Prof. Vivekanandans' presentation "<a class="external-link" href="http://www.spicyip.com/docs/ppt-vivek.pdf">Patenting and Technology Transfer-the IIT Khargpur Experience</a>"</p>
<p align="justify">[3] See <a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060262">Anthony So et al., <em>Is Bayh-Dole Good for Developing Countries</em>, 6 PLoS Biol e262 (2008)</a></p>
[4] See <a class="external-link" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/280/5364/698">Michael A. Heller & Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research, 280 Science 698 (1998)</a>
<p> </p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="additional-resources"></a>Additional Resources</h2>
<h3><a name="on-the-pupfip-bill"></a>On the PUPFIP Bill</h3>
<ul><li>February 5, 2004: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.expresspharmaonline.com/20040205/happenings05.shtml">NIPER holds parallel session of Indian Science Congress (Express Pharma)</a> <br /></li><li>October 27, 2006: <a class="external-link" href="http://bayhdole25.org/node/40">Susan
Finston, India to Propose New Technology Transfer Legislation
(Bayh-Dole 25)</a></li><li><span id="__citationid396739" class="citation">January 16, 2007: <a class="external-link" href="http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/recommendations/LegislationPM.pdf">National Knowledge Commision's Letter to Indian Prime Minister (National Knowledge Commission)</a> </span></li><li>April 15, 2007: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20070415&filename=news&sid=23&page=2&sec_id=50">Archita Bhatta, Proposed IPR law raises concern (Down to Earth)</a></li><li>May 31, 2007: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=28342">Science & Technology needs to be core of the economic development says Kapil Sibal (<span class="Apple-style-span"></span></a><a class="external-link" href="http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=28342">PIB Press Release)</a></li><li>November 13, 2007: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=32628">Government Accords Approval to National Biotechnology Development Strategy (PIB Press Release)</a></li><li>February 1, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/319/5863/556a">Yudhijit Bhattacharjee, Indian Government Hopes Bill Will Stimulate Innovation (Science)</a> </li><li>February 19, 2008: Shamnad Basheer, Exporting Bayh Dole to India: Whither Transparency? <a class="external-link" href="http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2008/02/exporting-bayh-dole-to-india-whither.html">(Part 1)</a> <a class="external-link" href="http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2008/02/exporting-bayh-dole-to-india-whither_21.html">(Part 2)</a> (SpicyIP)<br /></li><li>March 17, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=317122">Kalpana Pathak, Varsities may soon own patent rights (Business Standard)</a> <br /></li><li>March 17, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/03/17/stories/2008031751080100.htm">P.T. Jyothi Datta, Public-funded research may pay dividends for scientists (Business Line)</a></li><li>March 17, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iam-magazine.com/blog/Detail.aspx?g=c2472b7c-0f57-4e16-b1ea-389c44c3b4a6">Joff Wild, India considers Bayh-Dole style legislation (IAM Magazine)</a><br /></li><li>April 30, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=44083&sectionid=46">M.K. Unnikrishnan and Pradeepti Nayak, Lessons from Bayh Dole Act and its relevance to India (PharmaBiz)</a></li><li>July 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=1265343">Sean M. O'Connor, Historical Context of U.S. Bayh-Dole Act: Implications for Indian Government Funded Research Patent Policy (STEM Newsletter)</a><br /></li><li>July 7, 2008: Shamnad Basheer, <a class="external-link" href="http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2008/07/mysterious-indian-bayh-dole-bill.html">Mysterious Indian "Bayh Dole" Bill: SpicyIP Procures a Copy (SpicyIP)</a></li><li>July 09, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=328187">Latha Jishnu, Does India need a Bayh-Dole Act? (Business Standard)</a><br /></li><li>September 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/2036">V.C. Vivekanandan, Transplanting Bayh-Dole Act- Issues at Stake Authors (13 Journal of Intell. Prop. 480)</a></li><li>September 18, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/indian-patent-bill-let-s-not-be-too-hasty.html">Shamnad Basheer, Indian Patent Bill: Let's not be too hasty (SciDev.net)</a></li><li>October 28, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060262">Anthony So et al., <em>Is Bayh-Dole Good for Developing Countries</em>, 6 PLoS Biol e262 (2008)</a></li><li>October 31, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44316">Cabinet gives approval for Protection and Utilization of Public Funded Intellectual Property Bill, 2008 (</a><a class="external-link" href="http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44316">PIB Press Release)</a></li><li>November 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.essentialmedicine.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/uaem-white-paper-on-indian-bd-act.pdf">Annette Lin et al., The Bayh-Dole Act and Promoting the Transfer of Technology of Publicly Funded-Research (UAEM White Paper on the Proposed Indian Bayh-Dole Analogue)</a> <br /></li><li>November 1, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2008/10/11002336/2008/11/01001052/Not-in-public-interest.html?d=2">Editorial: Not in Public Interest (Mint)</a><br /></li><li>November 12, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.genomeweb.com/biotechtransferweek/india-mulls-bill-modeled-bayh-dole-critics-claim-it-may-stifle-innovation">Ben Butkus, As India Mulls Bill Modeled on Bayh-Dole, Critics Claim It May Stifle Innovation (Biotech Transfer Weekly)</a> <br /></li><li>December 16, 2008: <a class="external-link" href="http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/commons-law/2008-December/002973.html">Pranesh Prakash, Indian "Bayh Dole" Bill before Parliament (Commons Law)</a></li><li>January 23, 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.scidev.net/en/editorials/time-to-rethink-intellectual-property-laws-.html">Editorial: Time to Rethink Intellectual Property Laws (SciDev.net)</a><br /></li><li>March 12, 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.thehindu.com/seta/2009/03/12/stories/2009031250021400.htm">Feroz Ali Khader, Does Patenting Research Change the Culture of Science? (The Hindu)</a><br /></li><li>April 24, 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/450560/">Sunil Abraham & Pranesh Prakash, Does India Need Its Own Bayh-Dole? (Indian Express)</a></li><li>September 21, 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2009/09/20235448/Proposed-patent-Bill-is-flawed.html?h=A1">C.H. Unnikrishnan, Proposed Patent Bill Is Flawed, Say Experts (Mint)</a></li><li>September 23, 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/Articles/PrintArticle.aspx?artid=F92B5F6A-A789-11DE-A362-000B5DABF613">Editorial: An Idea That's A Patent Misfit (Mint)</a><br /></li><li>October 2009: <a class="external-link" href="http://ictsd.org/downloads/2009/11/sampat-policy-brief-5.pdf">Bhaven N. Sampat, The Bayh-Dole Model in Developing Countries: Reflections on the Indian Bill on Publicly Funded Intellectual Property (UNCTAD - ICTSD Policy Brief No. 5)</a><br /></li><li>January 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.icrier.org/publication/WorkingPaper244.pdf">Amit Shovon Ray & Sabyasachi Saha, Patenting Public-Funded Research for Technology Transfer: A Conceptual-Empirical Synthesis of US Evidence and Lessons for India (ICRIER Working Paper No. 244)</a></li><li>January 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/7196/1/JIPR%2015%281%29%2019-34.pdf">Mrinalini Kochupillai, <em>The Protection and Utilization of Public Funded Intellectual Property Bill, 2008: A Critique in the Light of India's Innovation Environment</em>, 15 J. Intell. Prop. Rights 19 (2010)</a><br /></li><li>January 16, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/printer/news/567807/">Amit Shovon Ray & Sabyasachi Saha, Intellectual Bottlenecks (Financial Express)</a><br /></li><li>January 21, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/latha-jishnu-perilsthe-us-model/383179/">Latha Jishnu, Perils of the US Model (Business Standard)</a></li><li>January 22, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Scientists-fume-over-new-patent-bill/articleshow/5486588.cms">Rema Nagarajan, Scientists Fume Over New Patent Bill (Times of India)</a></li><li>January 26, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2010/01/26202909/The-problem-with-patents.html">Shamnad Basheer, The Problem with Patents (Mint)</a><br /></li><li>February 5, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/02/05/stories/2010020550960900.htm">Shalini Butani, Public Research May Become More Private (Business Line)</a></li><li>February 8, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/2010/02/07225403/Scientists-want-changes-in-inn.html">Anika Gupta, Scientists Want Changes in Innovation Bill (Mint)</a></li><li>February 9, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.livemint.com/Articles/PrintArticle.aspx?artid=AD533A7C-15A2-11DF-A92D-000B5DABF636">C.H. Unnikrishnan, Parliament Panel Wants Govt Review on Innovation Bill (Mint)</a><br /></li><li>February 15, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20100215&filename=croc&sec_id=10&sid=2">Leena Menghaney, A Bad Example from the U.S. (Down to Earth)</a></li><li>February 19, 2010: <a class="external-link" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/581701/">Pranesh Prakash, A Patent Conundrum (Indian Express)</a><br /></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/search/label/Bayh%20Dole">SpicyIP coverage by tag 'Bayh Dole'</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://spicyip.com/ip-resources">Presentations from NUJS, Kolkata conference on the PUPFIP Bill</a><br /></li></ul>
<p> </p>
<h3><a name="on-bayh-dole"></a>On Bayh-Dole</h3>
<strong>Newspapers and Magazines</strong>
<ul><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17244">Marcia Angell, The Truth About the Drug Companies, New York Review of Books, July 15, 2004</a><br /></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/09/19/8272884/index.htm">Clifton Leaf, The Law of Unintended Consequences, Fortune Magazine, Sept. 19, 2005</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.economist.com/science/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=5327661">The Bayh-Dole act's 25th birthday, The Economist, Dec. 20, 2005</a><br /></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/technology/07unbox.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print">Janet Rae-Dupree, When Academia Puts Profit Ahead of Wonder, N.Y. Times, Sept. 7, 2008</a><br /></li></ul>
<p> </p>
<strong>Academic Journals</strong>
<ul><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.btlj.org/data/articles/20_02_02.pdf">Amy Kapczynski et al., Addressing Global Health Inequities: An Open Licensing Approach for University Innovation, 20 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1031 (2005) </a><br /></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060262">Anthony So et al., <em>Is Bayh-Dole Good for Developing Countries</em>, 6 PLoS Biol. e262 (2008)</a><br /></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?66+Law+&+Contemp.+Probs.+289+%28WinterSpring+2003%29">Arti K. Rai & Rebecca S. Eisenberg, <em>Bayh-Dole Reform and the Progress of Biomedicine</em>, 66 Law & Contemp. Probs. 289 (2003)</a></li><li>David C. Mowery & Arvids A. Aiedonis, <em>Numbers, Quality, and Entry: How Has the Bayh-Dole Act Affected U.S. University Patenting and Licensing?</em>, 1 Innovation Pol'y Econ. 187 (2000)</li><li>David C. Mowery, et al., <em>Learning to Patent: Institutional Experience, Learning, and the Characteristics of U.S. University Patents After the Bayh-Dole Act, 1981-1992</em>, 48 Mgmt. Sci. 73 (2002)</li><li>Donald Kennedy, <em>Editorial: Enclosing the Research Commons</em>, 294 Science 2249 (2001)</li><li>F.M. Scherer, <em>The Political Economy of Patent Policy Reform in the United States</em>, 7 Colorado J. Telecomm. High Tech. L. 167 (2009)</li><li>Henry Steck, <em>Corporatization of the University: Seeking Conceptual Clarity</em>, 585 Annals of Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 66 (2003)</li><li>Jason Owen-Smith, <em>Trends and Transitions in the Institutional Environment for Public and Private Science</em>, 49 Higher Educ. 91 (2005)</li><li>Jerry G. Thursby & Marie C. Thursby, <em>University Licensing and the Bayh-Dole Act</em>, 301 Science 1052 (2003)</li><li>Jerry G. Thursby & Marie C. Thursby, <em>Who is Selling the Ivory Tower? Sources of Growth in University Licensing</em>, 48 Mgmt. Sci. 90 (2002)</li><li>Josh Lerner,<em> Review of 'Ivory Tower'</em>, 43 J. Econ. Litt. 510 (2005)</li><li>Joshua B. Powers,<em> R&D Funding Source and University Technology Transfer: What is Stimulating Universities to Be More Entrepreneurial?</em>, 45 Research in Higher Educ. 1 (2004)</li><li>Lita Nelsen, <em>The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection in the American University</em>, 279 Science 1460 (1998)</li><li>Marcia Angell & Arnold S. Relman, <em>Patents, Profits & American Medicine: Conflicts of Interest in the Testing & Marketing of New Drugs</em>, 131 Daedalus 102 (2002)</li><li>Maria Jelenik, <em>Review: Two Books on Technology Transfer</em>, 50 Admin. Sci. Q. 131 (2005) (Review of '<em>Ivory Tower</em>')</li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/280/5364/698">Michael
A. Heller & Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Can Patents Deter Innovation? The
Anticommons in Biomedical Research, 280 Science 698 (1998)</a></li><li>Rebecca Henderson, et al., <em>Universities as a Source of Commercia Technology: A Detailed Analsis of University Patenting, 1965-1988</em>, 80 Rev. Econ. Statistics 119 (1998)</li><li>Rebecca S. Eisenberg, <em>Public Research and Private Development: Patents and Technology Transfer in Government-Sponsorded Research</em>, 82 Virginia L. Rev. 1663 (1996)</li><li>Rebecca S. Eisenberg & Richard R. Nelson, <em>Public vs. Proprietary Science: A Fruitful Tension?</em>, 131 Daedalus 89 (2002)</li><li>Richard Jensen & Marie Thursby,<em> Proofs and Prototypes for Sale: The Licensing of University Inventions</em>, 91 Am. Econ. Rev. 240 (2001)</li><li>Roberto Mazzoleni & Richard R. Nelson, <em>Economic Theories about the Benefits and Costs of Patents</em>, 32 J. Econ. Issues 1031 (1998)</li><li>Thomas A. Massaro,<em> Innovation, Technology Transfer, and Patent Policy: The University Contribution</em>, 82 Virginia L. Rev. 1729 (1996)</li><li>Walter W. Powell & Jason Owen-Smith, <em>Universities and the Market for Intellectual Property in the Life Sciences</em>, 17 J. Pol'y Analysis Mgmt. 253 (1998)</li><li>William M. Sage, <em>Funding Fairness: Public Investment, Proprietary Rights and Access to Health Care Technology</em>, 82 Virginia L. Rev. 1737 (1996)</li><li>Zach W. Hall & Christopher Scott, <em>University-Industry Partnership</em>, 291 Science 553 (2001)</li></ul>
<p> </p>
<strong>Resources</strong>
<ul><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_5.htm">TIIP Newsletter: Patents and University Technology Transfer (2003) </a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.bayhdole25.org">Bay-Dole 25</a></li></ul>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<img src="file:///C:/Users/REBECCA/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot.png" alt="" />
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/why-no-pupfip'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip/why-no-pupfip</a>
</p>
No publisherpraneshBayh-DoleAccess to KnowledgeAccess to MedicineIntellectual Property RightsPUPFIPPatentsPublications2011-09-12T11:03:09ZPagePUPFIP Bill
https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip
<b>A new bill which tries to promote innovation through privatization of public-funded research and is unnecessary, misguided, and will prove harmful to Indian research, innovation, and will harm the interests of taxpayers and consumers.</b>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/publications/pupfip</a>
</p>
No publisherpraneshAccess to Knowledge2011-08-20T15:15:08ZFolderAda Lovelace Edit-a-thon 2014
https://cis-india.org/openness/events/ada-lovelace-edit-a-thon-2014
<b>A Wikipedia edit-a-thon is being held at Urban Solace on October 14, 2014 from 10.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. The event is being organized by IndiaBioScience in partnership with the Centre for Internet and Society's Access to Knowledge (CIS-A2K) team. CIS-A2K will conduct the first three edit-a-thons.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">In India, Science as a discipline is subject to many of the same gender issues as it is worldwide - women scientists are fewer in number than men, they occupy fewer positions of power, and face distinct issues by virtue of their gender and the accompanying societal pressures. Women Scientists in India also tend to be less visible than their male counterparts, and public awareness of Indian Women Scientists is low.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">IndiaBioScience will be organising a series of public events to raise the profile of women scientists on one of the most-popular online encyclopaedias - Wikipedia. At these events, participants will be encouraged to create and complete profiles of Indian Women in Science.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The last of these events, on October 14 coincides with <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace_Day" title="Ada Lovelace Day">Ada Lovelace Day</a>, an international day to celebrate the achievements of women in Science, Technology and Math.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">To participate sign up below or click here (<a class="free external" href="http://www.indiabioscience.org/content/women-science-wiki-edit-thon" rel="nofollow">http://www.indiabioscience.org/content/women-science-wiki-edit-thon</a>)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Lunch and snacks will be provided.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">At the venue, the events will begin with a short, hands-on introduction to Wiki editing. Participants can then go on to pick the scientist they would like to work on. There will be an interaction session with a guest Woman Scientist around lunch, with a discussion of issues commonly faced by women in science. In the afternoon session, participants can continue working on the Wiki pages, with a break for tea. Participants are requested to bring their laptops. We have a few desktops available at Saturday's venue for those who cannot do so.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Online participants can find us via <a class="text external" href="https://plus.google.com/+IndiabioscienceOrg" rel="nofollow">Google Hangout</a>. Chat with us or dial in for interactions, questions, help or simply to socialize.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Speaker: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohini_Godbole" title="Rohini Godbole">Rohini Godbole</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">See the event page on <a class="external-link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/Bangalore/Ada_Lovelace_Edit-a-thon_2014">Wikipedia</a>.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/events/ada-lovelace-edit-a-thon-2014'>https://cis-india.org/openness/events/ada-lovelace-edit-a-thon-2014</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaEdit-a-thonOpenness2014-10-13T06:30:08ZEventPushing women scientists
https://cis-india.org/openness/news/the-hindu-renuka-phadnis-october-19-2014-wikipedia-editathon-attempts-to-raise-awareness-of-the-contribution-of-indian-women-to-science
<b>Wikipedia edit-a-thon attempts to raise awareness of the contribution of Indian women to science.</b>
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">The article by Renuka Phadnis was <a class="external-link" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/wikipedia-editathon-attempts-to-raise-awareness-of-the-contribution-of-indian-women-to-science/article6517035.ece">published in the Hindu</a> on October 19, 2014. T. Vishnu Vardhan gave his inputs.</p>
<hr />
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">Ask anyone to name an Indian scientist and the answer is likely to be a man, and not a woman scientist. To let more people know about the unsung heroines of science in India, a workshop called the Ada Lovelace Edit-a-thon 2014 was held here recently. At least 15 participants added content about women scientists over two days to Wikipedia as the first step in bringing public awareness about them.</p>
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">The edit-a-thon (a large number of people adding or modifying content on Wikipedia at once) concluded on October 14, which was Ada Lovelace Day, an international day to celebrate the achievements of women in science, technology and maths. The event was organised by BioScienceIndia Programme, a non-profit science outreach initiative, and Bangalore-based Centre for Internet and Society.</p>
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">Participants added information about at least 40 women scientists. Information on 80 more would be added in a year’s time, said Nandini Rajamani, Co-director, BioScienceIndia Programme.</p>
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">The aim, however, is to go beyond edit-a-thons, to examine issues that have not received the attention they deserve. Women scientists in India are not on par with men for several reasons (<i>see info box</i>) and the “leaky pipeline” theory is used to describe their decreasing visibility. Vishnu Vardhan, Director, Access to Knowledge team, CIS, said the aim is to motivate a new and younger generation of women scientists.</p>
<p class="body" style="text-align: justify; ">Karthik Ramaswamy, visiting scientist at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and a participant in the edit-a-thon, said science in India has a ‘diversity problem’ with Indian women and minorities represented inadequately. “There are very few women scientists among faculty of science institutions because they have no role models. Hopefully, this (presence on Wikipedia) will provide them with role models,” he added.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/openness/news/the-hindu-renuka-phadnis-october-19-2014-wikipedia-editathon-attempts-to-raise-awareness-of-the-contribution-of-indian-women-to-science'>https://cis-india.org/openness/news/the-hindu-renuka-phadnis-october-19-2014-wikipedia-editathon-attempts-to-raise-awareness-of-the-contribution-of-indian-women-to-science</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessWikipediaAccess to KnowledgeWikimedia2014-10-21T15:44:09ZNews ItemGuerrilla GLAMː An alternate way of doing GLAM in indie-way
https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/guerrilla-glam-an-alternate-way-of-doing-glam-in-indie-way
<b> I have been working on a concept called the Guerrilla GLAM. Here is a very quick summary about the concept that was published in the GLAM-wiki newsletter for November.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM" title="GLAM">GLAM</a> stands for cultural institutions like Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums. It is a globally acclaimed free knowledge movement for opening up cultural data using various free software platforms as a tool. GLAM activities include collaboration with cultural institutions, data mining, meta data and other documentation of institutional collections, digitization of published works, records and artifacts, and publishing the collected information in both human and machine readable forms with open standards. Building partnership with GLAM institutions is a great way of funneling the cultural content acquisition and bringing open access to such valuable data. But it is not that easy given the complications each country have in terms of formal agreement, organizational framework, and dissemination of information. "Guerrilla GLAM" techniques are based on the learning curve of institutional partnership building for large scale GLAM projects and leveraging personal contacts in small scale GLAM projects. It bring in several frugal strategies for cutting cost implication and operating in flexible modes. Guerrilla GLAM's range of work aims to accommodate people of different core expertise and it targets small to large orgaizations.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Guerrilla GLAM appeared first as a <a class="text external" href="https://wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/How_to_do_GuerillaGLAM">public presentation during Wikimania</a> which I presented this year. It later interested many GLAM practitioners of New Zealand who organized a <a class="text external" href="https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/openotago/2015/10/06/how-to-do-guerilla-glam/" rel="nofollow">webinar</a> which provided a great platform to add many interesting ideas to my existing set of ideas. Guerrilla GLAM is still a budding concept that aims for being implemented by many cultural enthusiasts especially those who would like to document much about the artifacts, digitize old text from archives and manuscripts, and create meta data for institutional collections. Guerrilla GLAM operates with zero or with some informal institutional partnership with the institution and carried on the shoulders of the Wikimedians. The Wikimedians seek out for support from local communities, leverage the permissible access to institutional property and to some extent the personal relations with the institutions keeping the legal restrictions in mind, and do their best to acquire as much data as possible. Often times, near to zero cost Guerrilla GLAM projects with detailed planning with right kind of people on-board could yield more or less the same like any conventional GLAM project.</p>
<hr />
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Click to read the original published on <a class="external-link" href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/November_2015/Contents/Special_story">Wikimedia Blog</a> on November 25, 2015.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span id="comments"> </span></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/guerrilla-glam-an-alternate-way-of-doing-glam-in-indie-way'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/guerrilla-glam-an-alternate-way-of-doing-glam-in-indie-way</a>
</p>
No publishersubhaOpennessWikipediaAccess to KnowledgeWikimedia2015-12-16T03:09:47ZBlog EntryGCIP2015: Notes from the Inaugural Session
https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/gcip2015-notes-from-the-inaugural-session
<b>The 2015 Global Congress on IP and the Public Interest kicked off with its inaugural plenary session, on 14th December, 2015. With over 400 registered participants, ranging from established academics to activists to students gathered in the auditorium in National Law University, Delhi, Phet Sayo, a Senior Fellow at IDRC and a panelist at the session rightly observed that if a bomb were to go off at this venue, "there goes IP activism". </b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The story first appeared in Spicy IP on December 14, 2015. Click <a href="http://spicyip.com/2015/12/gcip2015-notes-from-the-inaugural-session.html" target="_blank">here</a> to view this post on <a href="http://spicyip.com" target="_blank">SpicyIP</a> and leave a comment. <b><i><br /></i></b></p>
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<p style="text-align: justify; ">The inaugural session began with Dr. Ranbir Singh, the Vice-Chancellor of NLU-Delhi addressing the audience about NLU-D's meteoric rise in the field of legal education in India. This was followed by Phet Sayo's humorous and thought-provoking address on the importance of data in today's world- he remarked that in some cases, data and meta-data about material objects is attached more value than the objects themselves.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The session then saw Mr. Sean Flynn neatly summarising the history of public interest in the realm of IP, and how the Global Congress tied into this movement. He traced the predecessors of the Global Congress to the <a href="http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/research/35/" target="_blank">Bellagio Global Dialogues</a> and the Doha Declaration meetings, both of which saw a similar confluence of minds devoted to discussing how IP can serve the public interest. He also mentioned how the Public Interest movement of the 90's and early 2000's led to a counter-movement in which ACTA and the larger enforcement agenda gained prominence. With this, he urged the attendees of the Global Congress to learn from each other and reorient their energies towards a positive agenda focusing on IP and Public Interest.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The next speaker was Professor Michael Geist from the University of Ottawa, who began by remarking that the new government in Canada appears to have ushered in a new era of openness and transparency, with the <a href="http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/trudeau-hands-out-mandate-letters-to-his-ministers.html" target="_blank">Ministerial Mandate Letters</a> being released into the public domain. At the same time, he highlighted the proliferation of IP into other realms of law and policy with the TRIPS and the TPP being the most prominent examples of this proliferation. He pointed out the ramifications of this- that IP is now being framed and shaped in realms such as trade, privacy and internet governance. The challenge for the next twenty years, he urged, is for civil society to keep up and adapt to this change. Hong Xue, Director of the Institute for Internet Policy and Law at Beijing Normal University (BNU) expanded on this theme, highlighting the backsliding of Open Access norms with developments in international trade. With the growth of giant, cross-border ecommerce entities like Alibaba, multilateral trade treaties are attempting to normalise IP maximalism. Provisions such as Art. 60 of TRIPS, the <i>de minimis </i>exception, are being brushed under the carpet in this wave.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Zakir Thomas then debunked some popular IP narratives- the first being that stronger IP protection is necessary for investment in a country and the second being that copyright protection is necessary for content creation. With respect to the first, he highlighted the (underplayed) role of public funding in pharmaceutical R&D, and the various economic and other reasons unrelated to innovation that motivate the actions of Big Pharma. With respect to copyright, he spoke of social media and the open source movement. The takeaway from his address was that innovation happens in a complex environment with several stakeholders- the "one line approach" advocated by popular narratives should be regarded carefully for this reason.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The final address was by Nagla Rizk, founding director of the Access to Knowledge for Development Center in Cairo on the different normative conceptions of openness and how the tensions between different conceptions can reflect in growth paradigms. She especially pointed to how the economic growth rhetoric adopted by several national governments ignore the intricacies in open policies. She remarked that we need to examine how openness can aid the public interest by paying attention to the context and realities on the ground.</p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/gcip2015-notes-from-the-inaugural-session'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/gcip2015-notes-from-the-inaugural-session</a>
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No publisherSpadika JayarajAccess to Knowledge2015-12-17T15:54:31ZBlog Entry4th Global Congress on IP and the Public Interest: Statement of Conclusion for the IP and Development track
https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/4th-global-congress-on-ip-and-the-public-interest-statement-of-conclusion-for-the-ip-and-development-track
<b>The 4th Global Congress on Intellectual Property and the Public Interest was held from December 15 to 17, 2015 in New Delhi. This post provides a summary of the event.</b>
<p>This was also published on the <a class="external-link" href="http://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/4th-global-congress-on-ip-and-the-public-interest-statement-of-conclusion-for-the-ip-and-development-track">Global Congress blog</a>.</p>
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<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Wrap up note 1: Feedback on broad discussion in the IP and Dev track – set of collected key points:</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This year, the discussions included attention to broad perspectives on clarifying the meaning and reality of open collaborative innovation, as well as significant focus on the sub-themes of economic development (innovation and software patents, clean technologies, climate change and green patenting, issues of branding and plain packaging); sustainable development (agriculture and geographic indicators [GI]); policy, law and regulation (role of governments, patenting, compulsory licensing [CL], global institutions [particularly WTO, WIPO and WHO] and national institutions [particularly patent offices]). Trade dominated the discussions across the IP and Dev track, including the TPP and other issues, reflecting the strong global trade agenda.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Missing areas in the track papers, workshops and panel discussions included the limited discussion on traditional knowledge (TK); the work of indigenous groups and how they are navigating the IP landscape; biodiversity; biotech and food security; innovation in the nanotechnology sphere; and inclusive development. Accessibility to innovations for low-income households, and accessibility to innovations at the country level needs greater attention. These topics can be brought out more strongly, more directly.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The value of building research networks to create explicit knowledge and coherence in research-based evidence for advocacy and policy-making was made visible in the workshop session presented by Open AIR, with the Open AIR network as the exemplar. The challenge is to translate the kinds of research and evidence presented at the GC into content and value for policy-making and trade negotiations.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Wrap up note 2: Value of the deliberations and future research:</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This is a new track in the GC, introduced in 2015. It is an important track for this and future Global Congresses because it brings together the many strands of research, advocacy and other work that are related to topics in innovation, IP and development, but which are not specifically about openness, user rights or A2M. This is a very broad range of fields of study, from agriculture to nanotechnology. It was proposed that the track be renamed “Innovation and Development” to more explicitly describe its focus.<br /><br />From this GC, it has become clearer what future topics may be considered for papers and other inputs into the IP and Dev track. Such topics include counter-narratives to mainstream IP perspectives; bringing IP for development in multiple sectors to the fore – in education; in automotive manufacturing; in technology evolution; in agricultural production and food security; in the broad policy, law and regulatory environment pertinent to these and other sectoral perspectives. For example, in the paper on green patenting, reference was made to Tesla and Toyota releasing patents, but the session did not get to discuss that. The papers presented at the 4th GC suggest many areas of focus for future research and future GCs – perhaps the best way to think about this exploration is through greater attention to innovation in a range of social and economic sectors; to consider the particular challenges of innovation, IP and development in LDCs; to study innovation ecosystems and where IP fits in these ecosystem. Cross-track sessions are also considered to be very important because of the knowledge sharing that takes place across sectors, for example the discussions on patent wars in the access to medicines (A2M) track provided food for thought with respect to emerging issues in the software sector.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Wrap up note 3: Ideas and implications of GC sessions for future directions for research, collaborations and next GC:</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">For the next GC, mobilization is required across various geographic regions and a significant discussion is required on preparation and design of the sub-themes, based on the notes above. The requirement for more evidence-based research was noted. It was recommended that the future name of the track should be Innovation and Development. The core group, comprised of track leaders and sessions chairs, should continue the leadership of the track from GC to GC, bringing additional interested persons on board, in particular with respect to the design of sub-themes well in advance of the 5th GC, to guide prospective submissions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Ends.</p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/4th-global-congress-on-ip-and-the-public-interest-statement-of-conclusion-for-the-ip-and-development-track'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/4th-global-congress-on-ip-and-the-public-interest-statement-of-conclusion-for-the-ip-and-development-track</a>
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No publishernehaaIntellectual Property RightsGlobal CongressCopyrightAccess to Knowledge2015-12-25T02:22:52ZBlog EntryPost More Articles on Kannada Wikipedia
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/post-more-articles-on-kannada-wikipedia
<b>The article was published in Indian Express, Mangaluru edition on December 12, 2015. Dr. U.B. Pavanaja was quoted. A scanned version of the article is given below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/IndianExpressMangaluruDec122015.jpg/@@images/6deff004-d1f3-40c6-9c12-38add439df54.jpeg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Indian Express Article" /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/post-more-articles-on-kannada-wikipedia'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/post-more-articles-on-kannada-wikipedia</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:38:06ZNews ItemKannada Wikipedia Editathon: Prajavani
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-prajavani-mangal
<b>The article was published in Prajavani Mangal on December 11, 2015. A scanned version of the article is given below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/PrajavaniMangaluruDec112015.jpg/@@images/855a3251-6bb9-43a3-84a8-a3285c5d9976.jpeg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Prajavani Mangal" /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-prajavani-mangal'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-prajavani-mangal</a>
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No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:40:23ZNews ItemKannada Wikipedia Editathon: Udayavani Coverage
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-udayavani-coverage
<b>The article was published in Udayavani on December 7, 2015. A scanned version of the article is below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/UdayavaniMangaluruDec072015.jpg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Udayavani" /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-udayavani-coverage'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-udayavani-coverage</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:36:53ZNews ItemKannada Wikipedia Editathon in Mangalore: Udayavani
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-in-mangalore-udayavani
<b>The article was published in Udayavani on December 11, 2015. A scanned version of the article is given below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/UdayavaniMangaluruDec112015.jpg/@@images/a22f9ba2-c6cb-41ee-8daf-6e8143d895ea.jpeg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Udayavani " /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-in-mangalore-udayavani'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-in-mangalore-udayavani</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:36:24ZNews ItemKannada Wikipedia Editathon: Vijaya Karnataka
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijaya-karnataka
<b>The article was published in Vijaya Karnataka on December 11, 2015. A scanned version of the article is below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/VijayaKarnatakaMangaluruDec112015.jpg/@@images/b282e3da-5a01-4064-aa40-dbe6d4226ca6.jpeg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Vijayakarnataka" /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijaya-karnataka'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijaya-karnataka</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:35:13ZNews ItemKannada Wikipedia Editathon: Vijayavani
https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijayavani
<b>The article was published in Vijayavani on December 11, 2015. A scanned version of the article is given below.</b>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="https://cis-india.org/home-images/VijayavaniMangaluruDec112015.jpg/@@images/0a33d6f1-4943-4481-8c56-bd80ae3891f1.jpeg" alt="null" class="image-inline" title="Vijayavani" /><img src="https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijayavani" alt="null" id="__mce_tmp" title="Kannada Wikipedia Editathon: Vijayavani" /></p>
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For more details visit <a href='https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijayavani'>https://cis-india.org/a2k/news/kannada-wikipedia-editathon-vijayavani</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaCIS-A2KKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-01-05T06:34:46ZNews Item