Centre for Internet and Society

Analyzing the Draft Human DNA Profiling Bill 2012

praskrishna — 2013-02-25T09:56:19Z

The Centre for Internet & Society invites you to a workshop on analyzing the Draft Human DNA Profiling Bill on March 1, 2013 in its Bangalore office, from 2.00 p.m. to 5.00 p.m.

The Draft Human DNA Profiling Bill seeks to establish DNA databases at the state, regional, and national level for the purposes of establishing identity in criminal and civil proceedings. The Draft Human DNA Profiling Bill has been critiqued by the committee chaired by Justice AP Shah in the “Report of Group of Experts on Privacy” for a lack of adequate privacy safeguards.

In Fall 2012 the Centre for Internet and Society held a series of public meetings to raise awareness about the Bill and submitted feedback to the Department of Biotechnology. This workshop is in response to an April 2012 draft of the Bill and seeks to analyze the text of the Bill, look at technical aspects of the Bill and DNA profiling, and compare the current draft of the Bill with previous drafts.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/events/analyzing-draft-human-dna-profiling-bill

Analyzing Draft Human DNA Profiling Bill 2012

praskrishna — 2013-02-25T08:13:16Z

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/draft-dna-profiling-bill-2012.pdf

Analytics to help govt read public mood online

praskrishna — 2015-03-09T16:57:14Z

The Union government is in the process of commissioning a project to analyse public sentiment about it on various online platforms.

The article by Surabhi Talwar published in the Business Standard quotes Pranesh Prakash.

The project will cover state-owned MyGov.in, social media portals such as Facebook and Twitter, and the top 10 news websites in the country. The analysis will also extend to Twitter and Facebook accounts of government ministries and departments, according to a document evincing interest from companies and defining scope of work that has been posted on the website of the electronics and information technology department. The Centre expects the platform to be ready in two months.

This is the first time that the Centre is deploying a tool to 'officially' listen in on social media conversations and monitor media reports as well as subsequent public reaction. The idea is not to see which journalist is saying what and tell the government "inhe ad dena band kar do" (don't give them ads), said a government official familiar with the plans. It has also got "nothing to do with politics or elections", the official added.

The stated objective is to gauge public opinion related to policy matters and get a "comprehensive picture of the larger issues concerning the people", the official said. According to the mandate, the company will analyse comments posted on MyGov.in, which sees about 50,000 responses every week. It will also scan through social media sites, articles posted on news portals and the comments section, and categorise these into three "tag clouds" - negative, positive and neutral.

"Analytics are not strong if you are looking at it with a tunnel vision," said the government official, adding they needed to be comprehensive and corroborated across different platforms. The idea behind extending the mandate to social media websites and news organisations, according to the official, is to make sure the government's policies and initiatives are in sync with the people's wishes.

However, the government claimed it would only study posts that are "public" and not build backend access into the network of social media companies to get a look at all content.

According to the official, the Centre was not interested in "listening to everything that people are talking about", rather it will restrict its queries that relate to its business of policymaking. "Anything beyond that is not our mandate," the official clarified.

According to Mahesh Murthy, founder of digital media firm Pinstorm, these kinds of sentiment-analysis tools have become quite popular lately with both companies and political parties, who use these to gauge public mood before elections.

"They can cost anywhere between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 10 lakh a month," he said, adding there were hardly any privacy implications since the data being analysed was in public domain.

Pranesh Prakash of the Centre for Internet and Society said, "Privacy concerns aren't as acute if there is no profiling that is happening." Prakash added the concept might be worrisome if algorithms became the determining factor for policymaking, as they could be dangerous for democratic functioning. "They are like black boxes and you don't how they function."

Launched about six months ago, MyGov.in is the National Democratic Alliance government's citizen-engagement platform through which it solicits ideas and inputs from the public on government business.

Once the sentiment-analysis project is implemented, the government will be able to automate the process of providing summary of inputs on discussion topics to the government agencies concerned.

The volume of comments received on the platform is making it difficult for the Centre to manually sift through these for the most relevant ones.

"The solution would display two sets of dashboards. One would be in public domain. The other would be restricted through the multi-level role-based access system provisioned by the solution," said the document evincing expression of interest from companies.

Those interested will have to provide a proof of concept before being selected.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/business-standard-february-20-2015-surabhi-agarwal-analytics-to-help-govt-read-public-mood-online

Analysis: Data Protection in India - Getting It Right

praskrishna — 2017-04-28T01:42:42Z

Indian Government Plans Ambitious Data Protection Legislation Rollout by October

The blog post by Suparna Goswami and Varun Haran was published by Info Risk Today on April 26, 2017. Pranesh Prakash was quoted.

The government of India recently informed the Supreme Court of India that it expects to put in place a comprehensive data protection framework by October. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India will be heading up the initiative and has already started consultations for preparing a draft framework.

The government on April 5 acknowledged that there was no proper regulatory framework to deal with privacy concerns of citizens arising out of "over-the-top" popular messaging services such as Whatsapp, Facebook and Skype. Consequently, the Department of Telecommunications is exploring creating a "regulatory framework" through legislation to address data protection and citizens' privacy concerns.

With the European Union already preparing to enforce its General Data Protection Regulation next year, India may be late to the party. But the need for a data protection and privacy law in India is pressing. And when it's enacted, it will define provisions for protecting sensitive personally identifiable information and spell out liabilities in the event PII gets breached.

Many security practitioners, however, say the government's goal of having a law by October seems aggressive.

Shivangi Nadkarni, co-founder & CEO at Arrka Consulting, points out that once the government publishes a draft regulation for public comment, it must allow two months for gathering feedback. "It has to align with the schedule of the Monsoon Session of Parliament if it has to meet the October deadline," Nadkarni says (see: It's Time to get Serious About Privacy).

Existing Provisions

India already has some data protection and privacy provisions in the Information Technology Act 2000, amended in 2008 and the subsequent IT rules defined in 2011. But the IT Act 2000/8 doesn't define sensitive personal information directly and only provides guidance for reasonable security practice and due diligence - the actual implementation standards have not been explicitly prescribed, says Bengaluru-based Na. Vijayashankar, a cyber law expert and information risk consultant.

The current data protection regime is under section 43A of the IT Act 2000/8, and the regulations made thereunder, says Pranesh Prakash, policy director at Bengaluru-based research think tank the Center for Internet and Society. He contends those regulations are weak, do not specify any governmental agency, and do not lay out penalties for violations. Other relevant provisions, such as section 72A, are also far too onerous and aren't ever applied in practice to such cases, he says (see: Pavan Duggal on Why India's Cyberlaw Must Rapidly Evolve).

"Section 43A and the 'reasonable security rules' didn't change much, given the lack of teeth in the regulations, and the onerous job of proving "wrongful gain or wrongful loss" of property due to data breaches," Prakash says. In addition, as a complement to a strong, yet flexible, data protection/data security regime, the government also needs to put in a privacy regime that covers both the private and public sectors, he adds.

Right to Privacy

India lacks a clear framework that categorically recognizes the sanctity of privacy, says J. Sai Deepak, an independent cyber law expert and arguing counsel at the Delhi High Court. Because the status of the fundamental right to privacy is yet to be adjudicated upon by the Supreme Court, Sai Deepak is uncertain of the basis on which the regulatory mechanism that the government is developing, would function (see: Why India Needs Comprehensive Privacy Law).

"This is important because if you treat privacy as a fundamental right, then the mechanism has to take into account the constitutional obligations and limitations that come with such treatment," Sai Deepak says. A telecom-centric or a single sector-centric approach to privacy as a reaction to a particular litigation may do more harm than good, he adds (see: Re-Evaluating Privacy in India).

"I hope the government goes beyond this context and addresses privacy comprehensively. It is for this reason that I am not sure TRAI is the best entity to vest this mandate with," he says. "After all, we are looking at safeguarding privacy even outside the telecom sphere" he adds.

The government needs to clearly spell out all principles and rights of individuals in the context of privacy as a foundation, experts say.

"Declare that privacy is a right of an Indian citizen and is protected by law," Vijayashankar says. The law should apply to protection of data in any form and require appropriate security measures to be adopted by anyone who collects, processes and manages PII, he adds (see: Privacy: Why India Inc. Needs It).

Viable Roadmap

Vinayak Godse, senior director at Data Security Council of India, says Indian companies, including IT services and outsourcing firms, are losing in European markets because of the high data protection standards followed in those countries.

"We have already been struggling in some markets as our data protection mechanisms don't match to the evolving global expectations for privacy," Godse says. "Questions have been raised by several geographies especially EU on India's regulatory posture in terms of data protection." (See: India's 2015 Data Privacy Agenda)

Vijayashankar says India needs to immediately appoint a data commissioner to efficiently address data privacy violations, which are currently being judged under ITA 2000/8. This will also help Indian enterprises that conduct business with the EU when the GDPR is enforced starting May 25, 2018 (see: How Will Europe's GDPR Affect Businesses Worldwide?).

Nadkarni of Arrka says the framework should:

Clearly define and articulate what qualifies a personal information.
Clearly spell out all principles and rights of individuals in the context of privacy and elaborate on specific aspects as required within each principle/ right.

The Justice AP Shah committee report of 2012 which proposed comprehensive set of data privacy principles and measures had a wide acceptance by various stakeholders, and should be a good starting point to draft an omnibus data privacy law in India, says Srinivas Poosarla, vice president and head (global), privacy & data protection at Infosys.

While the way the enforcement of any such law enacted, would differ at the center and at state level, some of the areas that Poosarla contends need attention are:

Mandating that organizations appoint data privacy officers;
Providing platforms to report grievances and receive compensation from organizations in a timely manner;
Ensuring accountability of organizations for data privacy and to have them promptly report any data breach to affected individuals where there is likely to be material impact;
Identifying and empowering a body at national or state level to enforce implementation of the law.

GDPR as a Model

Nadkarni suggests that the EU's GDPR would be a good benchmark for India. Poosarla and others also agree that the EU GDPR is a good template to draw from. Most importantly, the government should involve all stakeholders, especially privacy and data security advocates, in the drafting of the law, they say.

The best practices and principles from GDPR should be adopted, keeping the cultural and demographic needs of Indian society in mind, Vijayshankar adds.

Prakash of CIS notes: "Any law must keep the evolution of technology in mind. The law can't be so rigid that technological developments are prevented, nor can it be so flexible that technology defeats the basic guarantees provided by the law. For instance, the role of "consent" in a world where indefinite consent is easily obtained by inserting a clause in a long standard-form contract that no one reads, must be taken into account."

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/inforisk-today-april-26-2017-suparna-goswami-varun-haran-analysis-data-protection-in-india-getting-it-right

Analogue Dialogue

praskrishna — 2011-11-18T06:16:20Z

Links in the Chain, volume viii, issue iv

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/digital-natives/volume-viii-issue-iv.pdf

Analogue

praskrishna — 2011-11-18T10:54:40Z

Analogue in the Age of Digital

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/home-images/analogue.jpg

An Open House Session with George Abraham

praskrishna — 2014-05-19T01:45:58Z

Ashoka India and the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) welcome you to an open house session with George Abraham, CEO and Founder of the SCORE Foundation at Ashoka- Innovators for the Public in Domlur on Wednesday, May 21, 2014.

“Blindness or disability is not the real problem, it is the way we all think.” – Ashoka Fellow George Abraham

Made invisible in the public sphere, persons with disability are often overlooked by society as productive members of the community. Their families, friends and mainstream media too have done little to change the limited lens through which they, and ultimately individuals with disability see and define their role in their communities.

We believe that the time has come for us as a society, especially businesses, to break the barriers between different worlds. We need to create spaces that allow us to ‘step in’ to each other’s worlds and engage in meaningful dialogues that allow us to reflect, question and develop an empathetic lens to building a society that is more inclusive to persons with disability.

Join Ashoka India and the Center for Internet and Society (CIS) for an Open House Session on Wednesday, May 21, where we will be screening an episode of George Abraham’s new show on the visually impaired-“Nazar ya Nazariya”-followed by a Q&A with George, Ashoka and CIS on what it means to shift the perception and treatment of disability in society, media and big business.

Agenda

Time	Detail
15.00 15.30	Screening of Nazar Ya Nazariya
15.30 16.00	Q&A with George Abraham
16.00 17.00	An open dialogue with experts and audience members on Stepping into Disability: How can we begin to change the paradigm on the inclusion of persons with disability into mainstream society, with a special focus on corporates and business enterprise?
17.00 17.30	Connect and Share (Networking space)

RSVP

RSVP: Olina Banerji (9480826557) - obanerji@ashoka.org
Rajesh Varghese (9008998414) - rvarghese@ashoka.org
Anandhi Visvanathan (8197177080) - anandhi@cis-india.org

The Team

George Abraham

Based on his own experiences and those of hundreds of visually impaired people, George has developed a program whose combination of clinical and non-clinical components will help the seeing impaired stand on their own feet and realize their full potentials. George has designed the Vision Enhancement Center (VEC) to institutionalize comprehensive, non-medical eye care services. Like counseling, equipment, training, medical referrals, information, and rehabilitation services. George's goal is to build the first world-class institution for the visually impaired in the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) region to be an example that will inspire widespread reform in the way the blind and other people with disabilities are treated, cared for, educated, and employed. To garner support for his work, George is partnering with civil society organizations, medical professionals, the government, and corporations. His latest venture has been a collaboration with Doordarshan to create a 13-episode television series called Nazar Ya Nazariya, that highlights and celebrates visually impaired individuals who have overcome both physical and mental barriers to integrate successfully into the mainstream.

CIS

The Centre for Internet and Society is a non-profit research organization that works on policy issues relating to freedom of expression, privacy, accessibility for persons with disabilities, access to knowledge and IPR reform, and openness (including open government, FOSS, open standards, etc.), and engages in academic research on digital natives and digital humanities.

Ashoka

Ashoka is the world’s leading network of social entrepreneurs — men and women who are creating new institutions to implement system-changing solutions for the world’s most urgent social problems. Since 1980, Ashoka has pioneered the field of social entrepreneurship, electing and connecting more than 3,000 Fellows with innovative, sustainable solutions in a variety of fields such as civic engagement, economic development, health, human rights, environment, and learning/education in over 70 countries. As the largest association of leading social entrepreneurs in the world, Ashoka has started and supported movements that have brought about widespread social change, and has developed a keen understanding of what individuals need to make change happen. Ashoka has been engaged in learning from and serving this historical movement across the globe for 25 years.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/events/open-house-session-with-george-abraham

An Open Digital Global South: Risks and Rewards

praskrishna — 2017-04-12T14:25:39Z

Pranesh Prakash will be speaking at a conference to be organized by UC Davis Law School on May 25 and 26, 2017, in California, USA.

The event is open to the public. Please register here.

This conference explores the promises and risks of openness in scholarship in relationship to the Global South. Scholars increasingly are under pressure to make their work “open” through sharing their research as reusable open data and open source software, and making their publications open access. Scholarly “openness”—for example, open data, open access, open source—is intended to facilitate the free flow of information, to address barriers to access, and to foster global intellectual conversations. Do attempts at promoting openness in scholarship create new forms of exclusion or hierarchy? How are Southern scholars and publishers’ experiences with open access and open data taken into account within conversations on developing standards and models for open access and open data in the Global North? What are the unanticipated risks created through the implementation of models for open data or open access?

For more info click here

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/an-open-digital-global-south-risks-and-rewards

An open answer to Office

praskrishna — 2011-04-02T13:38:15Z

OpenOffice with its new features is giving Microsoft Word tough competition, says Deepa Kurup in this article published by The Hindu on March 14, 2010.

The decade-old OpenOffice was the Free and Open Source riposte to Microsoft's Office that has entrenched itself in the office productivity suite segment.

Originally a proprietary software application that was open-sourced by Sun Microsystems, OpenOffice has come a long way, with the release of its new-improved version 3.2. Today, having crossed 300 million downloads — a third of this over the last year — this community project is among the most successful stand-alone Open Source products.

Data legacy and incompatibility issues, as a majority of office software was already using proprietary applications, and widespread piracy, retarded early growth. Constantly competing with MS Office, it got better with successive iterations, though it has not quite caught up. The latest version, Office 2010, is due for release and offers browser versions of Word, Excel and PowerPoint, across the PC, mobile phone and browser.

Open Office 3.2

The most in-your-face improvements of Open Office 3.2 Writer are the reduced start-up time (down by 46 per cent, it claims) and more features on Calc, its spreadsheet programme. It offers improved compatibility with proprietary file formats, including password-protected files, and increased compliance with Open Document Format (ODF) standards that have now been adopted by several countries.

Why Open Office?

For starters. OpenOffice is free — as in free beer and freedom/liberty, to roughly borrow the famous Richard Stallman analogy for Free Software. So when MS Office 2007 for home users costs Rs 3,000, and between Rs.14,000 and Rs.17,000 for professionals, OpenOffice is free.

Though the frills and fancies are missing in the user interface, including simple features like a thesaurus, for a regular user what OpenOffice offers is basic and adequate.

As for the “freedom” it offers, OpenOffice has driven localisation in a big way. Sunil Abraham, director of the Centre for Internet and Society, points out that its support for language computing is key. OpenOffice is available in 26 Indian languages (led by the CDAC's BharateeyaOO team and independent FOSS communities), years before proprietary options were available. Even today, Microsoft's Office Suite offers 12 languages, while OpenOffice offers dictionaries, thesaurus, spelling and grammar check.

Though it has not been widely adopted in the way it is in Europe, there are some success stories, Mr. Abraham says. For instance, the Delhi Government and the Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu are migrating to OpenOffice.

New acquisition

With proprietary giant Oracle recently acquiring Sun Microsystems, the FOSS community that has contributed reams of code to Sun's Open Source project — like OpenOffice, OpenSolaris, and more importantly MySQL — is apprehensive. But with no competing Office products, there is little reason for Oracle to kill OpenOffice. Michael Bemmer, general manager of Global Business Unit, asserts OpenOffice will remain Open Source and free. “The Oracle Office product family will be the first desktop-to-web-to-mobile solution centred on the ODF document standard — running on any platform, any device.”

Link to the original article in the Hindu

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/news/open-office

An online community platform for people with different needs

praskrishna — 2011-09-13T05:29:10Z

An online community platform designed for the print-impaired, probably the first such in the country, seeks to make the internet accessible to people with different needs.

The platform, inclusiveplanet.com, came about after Chennai based Rahul Cherian realised while taking part in the 2008 discussions of the world blind union centering around the WIPO treaty for the blind, that there was a 'massive resource' problem that technology would fix.

Cherian said he represented India in Washington when WBU drew up a treaty with the aim of enabling people with disabilities.

The platform is basically drawn up for the print-impaired with the aim of facilitating content-sharing, information sharing and relationship building, Cherian said.

"The term 'print-impaired' implies that for some reason, physical (such as visual impairment or bodily paralysis) or cognitive (such as dyslexia), the person is unable to access content that is in a 'print' format i.e. words, images and symbols on paper or on screen."

"For such persons content has to be accessed in a wholly different way. In the past, options were limited to Braille and human voice; today, the digital world enables other solutions 'including text-to-speech software,which effectively ensures that content in most text formats can be 'read out' to print impaired persons."

Cherian and his team worked with organisations working with persons with print impairment to understand what the best solutions would be.

"The more we were exposed to the nature of the problems faced by the community, the more apparent it became what the solutions needed to look like. It is an evolving iterative effort that has been changing shape to meet the problem intelligently. "

It uses technology that helps converts text to speech. The screen readers assist visitors to navigate the website, including text-to-speech software, which effectively ensures that content in most text formats can be 'read out' to print impaired persons.

"Inclusive Planet is a social enterprise and our object is to become sustainable through revenue generation and not through fund raising. We have been supported by the Centre for Internet and Society in Bangalore who have given us office space and countless hours of advice and help," he said.

There are more than 250 million print-impaired persons in the world of whom over 150 million live in developing nations and the site has been designed to address the needs of this community.

Currently, the platform is available in English, Turkish and Arabic. Members created the Turkish and Arabic versions.

"We look forward to creating inclusiveplanet.com in various regional languages. Members from India are already sharing content in various regional languages, including Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Bengali, Telugu and Gujarati," Cherian said.

The platform was originally offered in English.

Cherian said that most important is what these members have done and are doing' "they have shared 17500 pieces of accessible content (audio, books in text format etc.), created 260 topical channels for discussion and content sharing, published 13605 comment posts and had 100,000 plus conversations on the platform."

Gopalakrishnan, Training Officer in Charge, National Institute of Visually handicapped, finds the site very useful and disabled friendly.

Instead of going to the library, college-going students can upload and download books, utilising it, he said.

He has also started an education channel on the site, beneficial for the disabled. "I post material on the site and those interested can download or upload it," he said.

The software has been designed and created keeping in mind the needs and challenges of the print impaired community. However it is accessible to a wide range of people, due to the simple design, Cherian said.

Asked if a visually impaired person can be taken for a ride while accessing a website like tourism travel, he said "Everything on the page is visible to the screen reader that is used by most visually impaired persons. There is no scope for a visually impaired person to be unaware of whatÂ’s happening on the page.

For InclusivePlanet.com, it makes sense to be inclusive as the target market is the print impaired community.

"We also believe that it makes business sense for all organisations to be inclusive as there are 250 million print impaired people across the world and they form an important market that have specific needs."

There is a huge opportunity for various organisations to develop products and services that include the print impaired community. "For example the travel market in the US for persons with disabilities is a few billions dollars," Cherian said.

Inclusive planet has a staff strength of 15 and is based out of Bangalore, Chennai and Kochi "with few of us living in each city," Cherian added.

Read the original here

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/news/online-community-platform

An Invitation to the Right to Read Campaign

praskrishna — 2011-08-22T13:18:58Z

CIS is organizing a "Right to Read" campaign in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi on 30th January 2010.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/accessibility/publications/right-to-read-campaign

An Introduction to Bitfilm and Bitcoin – A Discussion by Aaron Koenig

praskrishna — 2013-02-05T10:14:54Z

The Centre for Internet & Society, Bangalore invites you to a talk by Aaron Koenig, Managing Director, Bitfilm Networks of Hamburg, Germany on January 23, 2013, from 7.00 p.m. to 9.00 p.m.

The Talk

Aaron Koenig will give a talk on the creation and use of Bitcoin, a new digital currency and payment system designed for the voting process of the Bitfilm Festival for Digital Film. Since the year 2000, the Bitfilm Festival has been showcasing films that use digital technology in a creative and innovative way. It takes place on the Internet. However, physical screenings of the films will be held in Bangalore and in Hamburg. Each of the 59 nominated digital animations has its own Bitcoin account, and users worldwide may vote by donating Bitcoins to the films they like anonymously and without any transfer costs. The donated money will be divided among the most popular films (the films with the most votes/Bitcoins).

Aaron will also present an animated short about Bitcoin which he has produced with an animation team based in Bangalore. Of course, the animators were paid in Bitcoin.

More info on the Bitfilm Festival: http://www.bitfilm.com/festival
More info on Bitcoin: http://blink.li/current-issue

VIDEO

Aaron Koenig

Aaron is the Managing Director of Bitfilm. He has run the organization since 1999. He is a vibrant member of art and film societies and an Entrepreneur. Currently engaged with Bitfilm.com, Aaron also publishes a political magazine called BLINK.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/events/bitfilm-and-bitcoin-a-discussion-by-aaron-koenig

An Interview with Nishant Shah

praskrishna — 2012-07-06T05:05:36Z

Jamillah Knowles from BBC Radio interviewed Nishant Shah about Indian Internet issues.

"I think what we need to do is perhaps say that there is something happening with the internet in India and then maybe we can move on to figuring out what is happening to the anonymous because we had a series of challenges on freedom of speech and expression and online space in the country. Just around the end of 2011, the Information and Broadcasting Minister was summoning social networks like Facebook and MySpace and Google and asking for a regime of pre-censorship so that everything you and I write from what we had to breakfast to which lunch and video we like the most ... that all the info needs to be first reviewed by somebody to make sure that it doesn't commute the larger moral thinkabilities of the nation."

Listen to the full interview here

Originally published by Outriders, a BBC Radio 5 live's programme dedicated to exploring the frontiers of the Web.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/news/interview-with-nishant-shah

An Interview with Dr. Francis Jayakanth

praskrishna — 2012-11-24T06:09:54Z

India has been losing out its best talents to the West, however, this trend could be reversed if we create adequate number of world-class institutions and research facilities, and our scientific productivity and quality of research will improve significantly, says Dr. Francis Jayakanth in an email interview with the Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore.

First of all congratulations for winning the inaugural EPT Award for Open Access.
Thank you very much.
When did you first take an interest in Open Access and what are your research interests?
I have always been impressed with the electronic pre-print servers like the arXiv, Cogprints, etc. I wanted to do something similar for IISc research publications.

One of the important activities of the National Centre for Science (NCSI), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has been the training programme. Till recently, NCSI was conducting an 18-month training course called Information and Knowledge Management. This was targeted primarily at students graduating from Indian library schools, with a view to providing them with classroom and practical training in the application of ICT. Essentially, the aim was to train the students in how to provide state-of-the-art, computer-based information services. I have been closely associated with this training programme by offering courses and overseeing projects.

As part of the training programme the students are expected do a project. Around the year 2001, one of our students, Mr. Madhuresh Singhal carried out a project work in implementing GNU Eprints.org software developed by the University of Southampton. Incidentally, ePrints is the first professional software platform for building high quality OAI-compliant repositories. The student project successfully demonstrated the self-archiving concept through institutional repositories. The project work was later implemented to set up the country’s first institutional repository, eprints@IISc . Ever since, I have been an OA practitioner and an OA advocate.

I’m not a hard-core researcher. My work interests lies in using free and open source software for providing web-based information services.
Why Open Access is important to science and particularly India?
When researchers publish their works in journals and conference proceedings, they would want their works to be read, cited, and built upon by as wide an audience as possible. Much of the scientific publications are being published by commercial publishers. Subscription costs of such publications are very high, constantly increasing, and beyond the means of most of the libraries. The high subscription costs create an access barrier to the scientific literature because of which the publications do not get the kind of visibility that the researchers would like to. The lack of adequate visibility will reduce the potential impact of the publications. This in turn could affect the advancement of knowledge. It is therefore imperative that the access barrier to scientific literature created because of high subscription costs should be overcome and this could be achieved through OA publishing.

The problems with respect to research literature that India and other developing countries have always faced are two-fold:
- Not being able to access high quality scientific literature because of the high subscriptions costs, and
- Research reported in the national journals does not reach the global audience because most of the journals published from the country are not indexed by Web of Science (WoS) and/or Scopus databases, which are leading citation indexing databases.
If all the journals that are being published in the country could migrate to open access platform then the visibility of research works reported in the journals published from the country will automatically improve with time. This has been the experience of several of the OA journals published by MedKnow and others.
In terms of the number of papers published in refereed journals, the number of citations to these papers, citations per paper, and the number of international awards and recognitions won, India’s record is poor. What needs to be done to improve this?
For a long time now, our country has been losing out the best of the talents to mostly western and other countries. If this trend could be countered by the creation of adequate number of world-class institutions and research facilities, our country's scientific productivity and also quality of research done in the country will improve significantly. This may also trigger reverse brain-drain.
Indian scientists lack access and visibility. They find it tough to access what other scientists have done, due to the high costs of access and libraries in India can’t afford to subscribe to key journals needed by users. Also other researchers are not able to access what Indian researchers are doing leading to low visibility. How can we overcome these deficits? Will adoption of Open Access within and outside India overcome the aforesaid handicaps?
Access to scientific literature in the country has improved significantly during the last decade or so. This is largely because of the several library consortia that have emerged in the country during that period. However, the existing consortia and the ones that are likely to emerge in the coming years, is not the solution for the access barrier to scientific literature that exists today. There has to be a world-wide adaptation of OA to overcome the access barrier.
Do you support the movement towards making scientific publications as freely accessible as possible and create an institutional repository? What steps are being taken by the Indian Institute of Science to maintain an open access archive?
Yes. Open Access Journals and Open Access Archives or Institutional Repositories (IRs) are the two ways to facilitate OA to scholarly literature. As per the DOAJ statistics, today, there are close to 7500 peer reviewed OA journals and as per the Directory of Open Access Repositories (DOAR) there are more than 2770 institutional repositories across the world.

In a recent study, Bo-Christer Bjork estimated that the overall percentage of scientific literature currently available OA is about 20 per cent. This includes both papers published in OA journals and those deposited in institutional repositories and directly on the Web. So, still a long way to go in achieving 100 per cent OA to scholarly literature! If all the research institutions set up their IRs and ensure that copies of post-prints are placed in the IRs then 100 per cent OA to scholarly literature could be achieved, at least, from now onwards.

ePrints@IISc, the OA institutional repository of IISc was established by NCSI in 2002. The repository holds more than 32,400 publications of IISc making the century-old institute’s research far more globally visible than before. NCSI has also provided technical help and support to several other institutes and universities in setting up their repositories and OA journals.
What are the key challenges of the scholarly publications in India?
Poor visibility and readership of many of the journals published from the country affects the citations of the articles published in such journals. This in turn affects the impact factors (IF) of the journals. No author would like to publish in very low IF journals.
What message would you give to funding agencies, the government and policy makers particularly for implementing a nation-wide mandate for Open Access?
Most of the research projects in the country are being funded by the government agencies. It is therefore imperative that we should have a nation-wide OA mandate for research publications that emerge from research projects funded from tax payers’ money. Such a mandate will not only help in enhancing the visibility of research done in the country; it may also help in avoiding duplication of research projects carried out in the country.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/openness/interview-with-francis-jayakanth

An Interview with David Baines

praskrishna — 2011-11-08T09:33:07Z

Maureen Agena interviewed David Baines, Deputy Director, Mada (Qatar Assistive Technology Center). Maureen asked questions regarding the status of disabled persons in Qatar, the level of ICT accessibility awareness for PWDs in Qatar, efforts of the Qatar Government towards Mada relating to policy measurements, schemes for PWDs, etc.

Following is the transcript of an interview by Maureen, a CIS consultant from Uganda with David Banes, Deputy Director, Mada Assistive Technology Centre, Qatar:

What is the status of disabled persons in Qatar or Mada in terms of number, age and gender and the kind of the work Mada is engaged in?
There are officially some 10,000 disabled people in Qatar across a wide range of needs. This doesn’t include people who are ageing and acquiring moderate disabilities as a result of their age. Mada works with any disability, any age for any purpose, supporting both Qatari citizens and residents. We work with both men and women including the Arabic and non-Arabic speaking visitors.
What is the level of ICT accessibility awareness for PWDs in Qatar?
As more and more people in Qatar use ICT every day so the awareness of barriers is increasing. Mada has been working hard to raise public awareness through cinema, television and radio ads and even video ads in the local shopping malls! More importantly we are working hard to make sure that disabled people are aware of the potential of technology to change their lives, and so we work closely in partnership with other services for people with a disability to integrate accessibility activity.
Are there any efforts of the Qatar Government towards Mada in terms of policy measures, programmes, schemes for PWDs? How about efforts by companies or universities?
IctQatar currently has an e-accessibility policy out for consultation. The policy is wide ranging and offers detailed expectations across the public sector for websites, but also requires accessible ATM’s, telephone and emergency services to be introduced.
What is the situation of copyright law in Qatar?
Copyright and IPR are both respected in Qatar. We are delighted that creative commons is being introduced to the country allowing for alternative formats of documents to be more readily produced.
Do you have an exception in your copyright law permitting conversion into any format for the disabled without permission?
Not yet.
What is the level of development at Mada in terms of assistive technologies? Specifically screen readers in Arabic.
Mada is extremely busy in supporting both commercial and open source development of AT in Arabic. We have eight projects due to announce in the very near future. Screen readers are well developed in Arabic, but we are looking forward to seeing a more basic text to speech tool created to lower the cost of entry point for blind users on a limited budget.
Does Mada have any collaborative development with surrounding Arabic nations?
We welcome collaborations across the region and internationally. We speak regularly to organisations in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and then more widely to Egypt and Tunisia. Collaboration is very much central to our approach.
Approximately how many organizations are working actively in Qatar on accessibility for Persons with Disabilities? (Name any)
Mada is the hub for accessibility in Qatar. But we work closely with the Shafallah Center for Special Needs, Al Noor Institute for the Blind and Hamad Medical Corporation.
Kindly share some details about the different areas of work of Mada centre?
Probably best to look at our new updated website www.mada.org.qa, and http://mada.org ;http://twitter.com/madaQATC or http://facebook.com/madaQATC.
What do you feel are important factors/ resources which are helpful to you in your advocacy?
Maintaining effective networks both within Qatar and beyond. One ambition is to establish an online forum whereby the views of disabled people on priorities for digital inclusion can be gleaned.
And what are the kinds of resources that PWDs would find useful if they had access to?
Great levels of Arabic accessible digital content and Arabic supported assistive technologies.
There is a draft ICT accessibility legislation. What are the highlights of this draft policy?
The policy is wide ranging and identifies targets for government websites, banks and telecoms.
How long do you think it may take to get it adopted and what are the implications for the Government, NGOs, industry and others?
Unable to answer this currently.
Do you at Mada have any digital libraries for the blind? If yes, approximately how many books are there?
No. But we are collaborating with Bookshare internationally to deliver this.
Is Mada, Centre of Assistive Technology able to exchange books with neighbouring countries?
Yes, where licences allow, we choose Bookshare as our partner to encourage international sharing of books for the disabled community.
At Mada, you do focus a lot on training. What are your different target audiences?
Training people with a disability in both accessible IT training and assistive technologies
Professionals including teachers and therapists
Parents and family
IT professionals including Web developers
Human resource professionals and employers.
How many people have you trained to date?
Over 200 including the first accredited AT training in Qatar for 20 participants.
Anything about Mada disability legislation which is relevant to ICT accessibility?
N/A.
Did Qatar sign the UNCRPD? How is implementation going on?
Yes, Mada is a direct response to that action.
Any specific details about web accessibility, audits/ evaluations conducted to look at accessibility of public web sites- details. (Any report which is available in English?)
We are completing an initial benchmarking study currently – no details have yet been made available. We are completing around 2 full site audits a month on major private and govt sector websites and feedback is being provided directly to those organisations to develop an action plan.

Thank you

Maureen Agena

About the Mada Centre

Mada (Qatar Assistive Technology Centre) is committed to using assistive technologies (AT) as a means of creating more accessible workplaces. As part of connecting people with disabilities to the world of information and communication technology, Mada launched a nationwide accessibility initiative with its partners, Qatar Telecom (Qtel) and Vodafone Qatar on 7 December 2010. The purpose of the initiative named "Connected" will ensure that persons with disabilities do not have to pay more than others to use mobile telecommunications technology.

The centre enables adults and children with disabilities to use computers, mobile devices and the Internet at home by offering a full range of services and resources related to assistive technologies. At Mada, people of all ages, with any type of disability are able to visit the interactive resources centre to try out the latest assistive technology and access assessment and training services. The Mada team is able to assist in choosing a suitable solution through impartial and expert advice.

For more details visit https://cis-india.org/accessibility/interview-mada-centre